Ciprofloxacin: Analytical methods of analysis for monitoring it in the environment

Abstract

An antibiotic is a chemical substance that is produced by a certain microorganism, which, in small amounts, inhibits the growth of another microorganism. Among the various classes of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones are widely used in the treatment of different human and animal infections, especially ciprofloxacin, because they have a broad spectrum of action in several species of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. However, the inappropriate use of these compounds can cause several side effects. Because of this, scientists have developed techniques and methodologies with high sensitivity, precision and wide selectivity. Ciprofloxacin was determined in various biological and environmental matrices using spectroscopic methods, such as ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry; chromatographic methods coupled to diode arrangement, fluorescence and mass spectrometry detectors; or using electroanalytical techniques, in which several transducer platforms are used, such as metallic or carbonaceous electrodes without modifications on their surface, as well as electrodes modified in different materials with enzymes, peptides, DNA and/or RNA sequences and molecularly imprinted polymers. Thus, this chapter will present a review of efforts reported in the literature for the sensitive and selective detection of this drug.