Floating treatment wetland with microbial fuel cell for removing pollutants, energy utilization, recovery of nutrients – Review on sustainable technology

Abstract

The existing article reviews the state-of-the-art methods for wastewater treatment using Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTW) and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC). It aims to compile and consolidate current literature while promoting further scientific discussions regarding FTW and MFC. Various concerns are addressed, including building materials, plant species, vegetation, mechanisms, strategies for removing harmful waste, and control schemes. These cohesive technologies are organized effectively for wastewater treatment and natural water purification. However, further research is necessary to enhance their performance, deepen our understanding of the mechanisms involved, and improve overall efficiency. The integrated FTW-MFC approach efficiently converts organic biomass into electricity through a bioelectrochemical process. This method utilizes biochemical reactions and successfully removes pollutants using floating plants in a process known as biosorption. It also involves biological oxidation-reduction facilitated by electroactive biofilms (EABs). Recent advancements in floating treatment wetlands with microbial fuel cells (FTW-MFC) have shown their potential as an alternative for generating ecological and renewable bioelectricity. Currently, this technology is interconnected with various other methods for wastewater remediation and ecosystem restoration, allowing for the simultaneous generation of bioelectricity. This nature-based solution enhances water quality and safety while supporting the circular economy, sustainable development, and effective water management.