Vacuum polarization of generalized quantum electrodynamics in the Heisenberg picture

Abstract

In this work, we consider the generalized quantum electrodynamics proposed by Podolsky in Heisenberg picture via Källén methodology. We investigate the effects of higher-order derivatives to understand the qualitative and quantitative aspects of vacuum polarization. In addition, the most general structure of induced current and polarization tensor that emerge naturally by a perturbative scheme à la Källén is also obtained. Afterward, we discuss the physical implication of charge renormalization in the perspective of unitary and stable Podolsky theory.