VIV Response and Drag Measurements of a Rough Circular Cylinder Using the Lagrangian Vortex Method

In the literature, there is a scarcity of studies examining the combined effects of vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and surface roughness on a bluff body. This paper contributes to the limited studies and literature on VIV by highlighting the pronounced influence of roughness on the vortex formation modes of a circular cylinder forced to oscillate with respect to the freestream. The numerical approach utilizes a purely Lagrangian description through the discrete vortex method with a roughness model. Recent results obtained by our research group have shown that a two-dimensional roughness model is more sensitive than a simple turbulence model in capturing nonlinear multi-physics phenomena with a variety of applications in different engineering areas. In particular, the control of drag force and vortex shedding frequency can be studied based on the expected physics of viscous flow. In the present paper, the dimensionless oscillation amplitude is fixed at A/D = 0.13 (D is the outer cylinder diameter), and the cylinder forcing frequency varies in the range of 0.04 ≤ fo ≤ 0.80 at a high Reynolds number value of Re = 1.0 × 105. Three relative roughness sizes are chosen, i.e., ε/D = 0.001, 0.0045, and 0.007 (ε is the average roughness). The test cases without roughness effects are compared to experimental visualizations to capture two basic anti-symmetrical modes, namely the A-I and A-IV modes, the symmetric S-I (Type-I) mode, and the Chaotic mode categorized as C-I. Our strategy to identify these wake modes verifies the synchronization between the vortex shedding frequency fCD, interpreted from temporal history of the drag force on an oscillating cylinder, and the body forcing frequency. In the test cases using the roughness model, it is possible to identify a desynchronization between the frequencies f0 and fCD as well as significant variations in the drag force. The roughness effect also provokes a regime of vortex formation, here classified as “A-IV mode with coalescence”.