Brazilian consumers’ perception of knowledge regarding the presence of the β-casein polymorphism in milk

Abstract

A2 milk contains the A2 β-casein protein, which does not release the opioid peptide β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) during digestion. However, there is limited knowledge among Brazilian consumers regarding the concept, characteristics, benefits, and market niche of A2 milk. This study assessed the perceptions of the Brazilian population about A2 milk and its derivatives. A total of 462 individuals from various age groups, educational backgrounds, and states of residence participated in the survey. Only 15.4% (71) had consumed A2 milk, while 58.4% (270) were unaware of the differences between A1 and A2 milk. Additionally, 69% (319) could not explain the basis for classifying different types of milk, and only 31% (143) correctly identified the benefits of A2 milk compared to regular milk. Furthermore, 15.8% (73) reported lactose intolerance, and 5% (23) had a milk protein allergy, conditions often confused with the effects of BCM-7. The results suggested that few Brazilian consumers are aware of the genetic polymorphisms in milk, underscoring the need for better consumer education, particularly concerning the benefits for individuals with milk intolerances or allergies.