Renewable energy perspectives: Brazilian case study on green hydrogen production

Abstract

Hydrogen is recognized as a key component of the future renewable energy landscape. It can be sourced from diverse raw materials, including water, bioethanol, and microalgae. Despite its potential, challenges remain regarding its cost-effectiveness, infrastructure development, and integration into existing energy systems. This study evaluated Brazil's renewable energy production, focusing on resource availability, economic feasibility, technological challenges, and regulatory factors. Data from international energy agencies were analyzed using statistical indicators to compare Brazil's green hydrogen potential with global benchmarks. Findings indicate that Brazil's electrical matrix—comprising hydropower (59%), wind (13.2%), and solar (7%)—offers favorable conditions for large-scale green hydrogen generation. However, high production costs remain a limiting factor due to technological constraints, infrastructure gaps, and policy uncertainties. The results highlight Brazil's strong potential to become a key player in the green hydrogen market, provided that technological advancements, cost reductions, and regulatory frameworks evolve to support large-scale implementation. The study emphasizes the need for targeted investments, government incentives, and energy storage solutions to enhance Brazil's competitiveness in the global energy transition.