Advancements in disposable electrochemical systems for sustainable agriculture monitoring: Trends, gaps, and applied examples

The potential use of disposable electrochemical systems in sustainable agriculture has revolutionized monitoring and management practices. Portable and compact electrochemical sensors have facilitated widespread application in all agricultural sectors, enabling real-time monitoring and data collection. These sensors provide a cost-effective solution for continuous monitoring, reducing the cost of farm management and improving accessibility, especially for small farmers. Integration with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms and smart devices enables automated data collection, remote monitoring, and precise control of agricultural activities. Advances in sensor materials and manufacturing techniques have improved the sensitivity and specificity of sensors, enabling accurate detection of a wide range of analytes. However, the development of sensors that can withstand extreme temperatures and humidity remains a hurdle. Effective data management systems and user-friendly interfaces are crucial for handling large amounts of data and providing actionable insights for farmers. The research into sustainable and biodegradable sensor materials is essential to minimize environmental impact and promote environmentally friendly farming practices. In this way, advances in disposable electrochemical systems are transforming sustainable agriculture by providing innovative solutions for monitoring and management. Addressing current challenges through ongoing research and development will further improve the effectiveness and acceptance of these technologies in agriculture. This review highlights recent advances in sustainable agriculture monitoring and emphasizes their central role in agricultural sustainability and productivity as well as the trends for this subject over the next few years.