Publicação: Effect of yttrium doping in barium zirconium titanate ceramics: A structural, impedance, modulus spectroscopy study
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In the current article, we studied the effect of yttrium [Y3+] ions' substitution on the structure and electric behavior of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics with a general formula [Ba1-x Y 2x/3](Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 (BYZT) with [x = 0, 0.025, 0.05] which were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that these ceramics have a single phase with a perovskite-type cubic structure. Rietveld refinement data confirmed [BaO 12], [ZrO6], [TiO6], [YO6] clusters in the cubic lattice. The Y3+ ions' effects on the electric conductivity behavior of BZT ceramics as a function of temperature and frequency are described, which are based on impedance spectroscopy analyses. The complex impedance plots display a double semicircle which highlights the influences of grain and grain boundary on the ceramics. Impedance analyses showed that the resistance decreased with the increasing temperature and resulted in a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance property in all compositions. Modulus plots represent a non-Debye-type dielectric relaxation which is related to the grain and grain boundary as well as temperature-dependent electric relaxation phenomenon and an enhancement in the mobility barrier by Y3+ ions. Moreover, the electric conductivity increases with the replacement of Ba 2+ by Y3+ ions may be due to the rise in oxygen vacancies. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.
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Barium zirconate titanates, Complex impedance plots, Impedance spectroscopy, Increasing temperatures, Relaxation phenomena, Resistance properties, Solid state reaction method, Temperature dependent, Barium zirconate, Ceramic materials, Electric conductivity, Electric conductivity measurement, Grain boundaries, Ions, Rietveld refinement, Solid state reactions, Structural ceramics, Titanium compounds, X ray diffraction, Yttrium, Zirconium, Yttrium alloys
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Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, v. 44, n. 9, p. 4296-4309, 2013.
