Aplicabilidade taxonômica de variações anatômicas em fungos liquenizados
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Data
2009-06-05
Autores
Barbosa, Suzana Bissacot [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Utilizando técnicas convencionais para estudos histológicos em microscopia de luz com auxílio de luz polarizada o presente trabalho tem como proposta estudar e delinear o padrão da anatomia do talo de espécies brasileiras de fungos liquenizados de dois gêneros da família Parmeliaceae: Punctelia e Parmotrema s.l. (incluindo espécies dos antigos gêneros Rimelia e Canomaculina) procurando por parâmetros que sirvam de subsídios à taxonomia desses grupos, além de acrescentar informações com relação aos caracteres observados. Os estudos anatômicos mostraram-se bastante eficazes na delimitação de espécies crípticas, principalmente através da análise da morfologia e ontogenia de estruturas de reprodução direta. Além disso, contribuiu para o entendimento da ontogenia de estruturas como pseudocifelas, e diferenciação e delimitação de estruturas como lóbulos, isídios e sorais. Este estudo permitiu concluir que as características anatômicas do córtex superior e do córtex inferior são constantes para os grupos estudados e possuem valor taxonômico para esses subgrupos da família Parmeliaceae. O córtex superior de Parmotrema s.str. pode ser caracterizado por possuir células mais alongadas com hifas compactadas e insterstícios entre as hifas; o córtex de Parmotrema com máculas reticulares é caracterizado pela presença de máculas que originam quebras e hifas menos compactadas; o córtex do grupo de Parmotrema com rizinas dimórficas é caracterizado por possuir células menos alongadas, quase arredondadas, sem interstícios ou quebras mas acompanhados por aeroplectênquima, além disso o epicórtex nesse grupo de espécies é bem mais aderido ao córtex superior e possui coloração diferencial com azul de toluidina. Já em Punctelia, gênero considerado bem delimitado e grupo irmão de Parmotrema, o córtex é paraplectenquimático e bem distinto do córtex...
Conventional techniques for structural studies under conventional microscopy and polarizing light microscopy were employed to study and outline the pattern of thallus anatomy of Brazilian species of lichenized fungi of two genera of the family Parmeliaceae: Punctelia e Parmotrema s.l. (including species of the old genera Rimelia e Canomaculina) looking for parameters used as subsidies to the taxonomy of these groups, besides to add information regarding the characteristics observed. The anatomical studies were very effective in the delineation of sibling species, mainly through the analysis of morphology and ontogeny of vegetative propagules. In addition, it contributed to the understanding of the structures ontogeny such as pseudocyphellae, and differentiation and delineation of structures such as lobules, isidia and soralia. This study concluded that the anatomical characteristics of the upper cortex, lower cortex and rhizines are constant for the studied groups and have taxonomic value for these subgroups of family Parmeliaceae. The upper cortex of Parmotrema s.str. can be characterized by more elongated cells with compressed hyphae and interstices between hyphae; the upper cortex of Parmotrema with reticulate maculae is characterized by the presence of macules causing breaks and less compacted hyphae; the upper cortex of Parmotrema with dimorphic rhizinae is characterized by having less elongated cells, almost round, without interstices or breaks but accompanied by aeroplectenchyma, furthermore the epicortex in this group of species is much more adherent to the upper cortex and has differential staining with toluidine blue. In Punctelia,considered well-defined genera and sister group of Parmotrema, the upper cortex is paraplectenchymatous and clearly distinct from the cortex of other groups of species studied here. This study indicates that these characteristics could... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Conventional techniques for structural studies under conventional microscopy and polarizing light microscopy were employed to study and outline the pattern of thallus anatomy of Brazilian species of lichenized fungi of two genera of the family Parmeliaceae: Punctelia e Parmotrema s.l. (including species of the old genera Rimelia e Canomaculina) looking for parameters used as subsidies to the taxonomy of these groups, besides to add information regarding the characteristics observed. The anatomical studies were very effective in the delineation of sibling species, mainly through the analysis of morphology and ontogeny of vegetative propagules. In addition, it contributed to the understanding of the structures ontogeny such as pseudocyphellae, and differentiation and delineation of structures such as lobules, isidia and soralia. This study concluded that the anatomical characteristics of the upper cortex, lower cortex and rhizines are constant for the studied groups and have taxonomic value for these subgroups of family Parmeliaceae. The upper cortex of Parmotrema s.str. can be characterized by more elongated cells with compressed hyphae and interstices between hyphae; the upper cortex of Parmotrema with reticulate maculae is characterized by the presence of macules causing breaks and less compacted hyphae; the upper cortex of Parmotrema with dimorphic rhizinae is characterized by having less elongated cells, almost round, without interstices or breaks but accompanied by aeroplectenchyma, furthermore the epicortex in this group of species is much more adherent to the upper cortex and has differential staining with toluidine blue. In Punctelia,considered well-defined genera and sister group of Parmotrema, the upper cortex is paraplectenchymatous and clearly distinct from the cortex of other groups of species studied here. This study indicates that these characteristics could... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anatomia vegetal, Botânica, Fungos, Aeroplectenchyma
Como citar
BARBOSA, Suzana Bissacot. Aplicabilidade taxonômica de variações anatômicas em fungos liquenizados. 2009. 140 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2009.