Atributos microbiológicos do solo sob rotação e sequências de culturas em semeadura direta
Data
2011-12-20
Autores
Cordeiro, Meire Aparecida Silvestrini [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Sistemas conservacionistas favorecem as populações microbianas em função da conservação e do aumento da matéria orgânica no solo. As plantas desses sistemas favorecem o crescimento dos microrganismos principalmente pela influência das raízes, através do efeito rizosférico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da rotação de culturas inverno (milho, girassol e guandu) e sequências de verão (soja/milho, milho/milho e soja/soja), em um sistema de semeadura direta, na atividade enzimática e atributos químicos em solo rizosférico e não rizosférico; na contagem dos fungos e bactérias do solo rizosférico e não rizosférico; e na habilidade metabólica dos fungos isolados do solo rizosférico atribuída à promoção de crescimento de plantas. O estudo foi realizado na safra de inverno de 2008 de uma área experimental com sistema de semeadura direta e rotação de culturas, da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/FCAV/UNESP de Jaboticabal. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados no esquema de faixas e três repetições. As culturas de inverno: milho (Zea mays L.), girassol (Helianthus anuus L.) e guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), foram rotacionadas com sobre as sequências de verão: soja/soja (Glycine Max L.), milho/milho e soja/milho. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, no Experimento 1, foram coletadas amostras de solo rizosférico (SR- solo aderido às raízes das plantas) e solo não rizosférico (SNR- solo da entrelinha de plantio) das culturas de inverno, totalizando assim 18 tratamentos (3 culturas de inverno x 3 sequências de verão x 2 posições de coleta no solo). Para o Experimento 2, foi utilizado o SR das culturas de inverno e as sequências de verão (3 x 3), totalizando 9 tratamentos...
Self-sustaining systems support microbial populations by conserving and increasing organic matter in the soil. Furthermore, plants help increase the microbial population, due to the influence of roots through the rhizosphere effect. This study evaluated the effect of winter crop rotation and summer sequences in no-tillage system on biochemical and chemical attributes; the count of total bacteria and total fungi in rhizospheric (RS) and non-rhizospheric soil (NRS); and metabolic ability of fungi isolated from the rhizospheric soil that were promoted by plant growth. This study was conducted in the winter crop of 2008 in an experimental area with no-tillage and crop rotation at the Collage of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences / FCAV / UNESP Jaboticabal. The experimental design was randomized block scheme of plots and three repetitions. Winter crops: corn (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.), and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) were rotated with summer sequences: soybean/soybean (Glycine max L.), corn/corn, and soybean/corn. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, samples were collected from rhizosphere soil (RS-soil adhering to plant roots) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS- soil between rows of planting) of winter crops, totaling 18 treatments (3 winter crops x 3 summer sequences x 2 collect position of soil). For Experiment 2, the RS of winter crops were used and summer sequences (3 x 3), totaling nine treatments. Experiment 1: The activities of amylase, cellulase, protease, and urease in RS were 16, 85, 62, and 100% higher than in the NRS, respectively, while total organic carbon and protein were 21% higher in RS. Among the winter crops, corn stimulated higher activities of amylase, cellulase, protease, and urease in RS than other cultures. A similar effect was also observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Self-sustaining systems support microbial populations by conserving and increasing organic matter in the soil. Furthermore, plants help increase the microbial population, due to the influence of roots through the rhizosphere effect. This study evaluated the effect of winter crop rotation and summer sequences in no-tillage system on biochemical and chemical attributes; the count of total bacteria and total fungi in rhizospheric (RS) and non-rhizospheric soil (NRS); and metabolic ability of fungi isolated from the rhizospheric soil that were promoted by plant growth. This study was conducted in the winter crop of 2008 in an experimental area with no-tillage and crop rotation at the Collage of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences / FCAV / UNESP Jaboticabal. The experimental design was randomized block scheme of plots and three repetitions. Winter crops: corn (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.), and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) were rotated with summer sequences: soybean/soybean (Glycine max L.), corn/corn, and soybean/corn. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, samples were collected from rhizosphere soil (RS-soil adhering to plant roots) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS- soil between rows of planting) of winter crops, totaling 18 treatments (3 winter crops x 3 summer sequences x 2 collect position of soil). For Experiment 2, the RS of winter crops were used and summer sequences (3 x 3), totaling nine treatments. Experiment 1: The activities of amylase, cellulase, protease, and urease in RS were 16, 85, 62, and 100% higher than in the NRS, respectively, while total organic carbon and protein were 21% higher in RS. Among the winter crops, corn stimulated higher activities of amylase, cellulase, protease, and urease in RS than other cultures. A similar effect was also observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fungi and bacteria counts, Fungos do solo, Microorganismos - Contagem, Crescimento (Plantas)
Como citar
CORDEIRO, Meire Aparecida Silvestrini. Atributos microbiológicos do solo sob rotação e sequências de culturas em semeadura direta. 2011. xiv, 119 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2011.