Eficiência de produção segundo diferentes mecanismos de acesso à terra na reforma agrária brasileira
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Data
2011-05-20
Autores
Magalhães, Marcelo Marques de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A reforma agrária permanece um tema atual em função das tensões provocadas pela concentração de terras e pela falta de alternativas de ocupação para parte da população que ainda vive no meio rural. Ao transferir terras improdutivas para famílias com potencial produtivo, a reforma agrária pode aumentar a eficiência econômica. O modelo de reforma agrária brasileiro, baseia-se no assentamento de famílias sem terra, em terras devolutas ou desapropriadas de imóveis improdutivos. Os programas de acesso à terra via mercado são instrumentos complementares, disponibilizam crédito para grupos de produtores comprarem a propriedade no mercado fundiário. Portanto, espera-se que estes mecanismos produzam resultados distintos sobre a alocação de recursos e eficiência produtiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir a eficiência de produção relativa entre os assentados segundo o mecanismo de acesso à terra. A análise de eficiência produtiva foi realizada utilizando-se um modelo de fronteira estocástica de produção sob a forma funcional Cobb-Douglas. Os dados são representativos para o conjunto dos estados: Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco e Norte de Minas Gerais. A eficiência média estimada foi de 0,3163, sendo 0,3678 para os assentados por desapropriação e 0,3537 para os beneficiários com acesso à terra via mercado. A produção apresentou rendimentos decrescentes em função dos fatores de produção, com maior elasticidade parcial para terra. Os resultados não indicaram evidências de que o acesso à terra via mercado contribuísse para a eficiência dos assentados. Contribuíram positivamente para eficiência, as fontes: trabalho externo, trabalho coletivo, localização em municípios com solos de qualidade superior, localização nos estados do Maranhão e Ceará, idade do chefe da família, o cultivo irrigado e emprego de tração mecânica nas atividades produtivas
Land reform remains a current theme considering the tensions provoked by the concentration of lands and the lack of alternatives of employment for the population who live in rural areas. Land reform can improve the economic efficiency level when the unproductive lands are transferred to families with productive potential. The model of Brazilian land reform is based on settlements of families without land, in unoccupied public lands, or expropriation of unproductive estates. The market assisted land reform programs are considered complementary instruments of land reform. They are used to provide credit for land purchase by groups of landless farmers directly from the land market. The aim of this research was to measure the profit efficiency, considering two different mechanisms of land access. The analysis of profit efficiency was performed using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The frontier of production was estimated based on Cobb-Douglas production function. The data set represents the states: Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco and the north region of Minas Gerais. The overall efficiency estimates were 0.3163. The efficiency estimates were 0.3678 for the farmers assigned by expropriation, and 0.3678 for the farmers with market land access. The production showed decreasing gains with the major partial elasticity for land. The positive efficiency effect sources are: farm labor, collective labor, location in superior soil class county areas, location in Maranhão and Ceará states, age of head of household, crops with irrigation or flood, and use of machinery. The negative efficiency effect sources are: outer-incomes and family consumption of its own production. There was no evidence that the farmers assigned by market assisted land reform developed more efficiency. On the other hand, it is not correct to conclude that farmers assigned by land expropriation developed better profit efficiency level
Land reform remains a current theme considering the tensions provoked by the concentration of lands and the lack of alternatives of employment for the population who live in rural areas. Land reform can improve the economic efficiency level when the unproductive lands are transferred to families with productive potential. The model of Brazilian land reform is based on settlements of families without land, in unoccupied public lands, or expropriation of unproductive estates. The market assisted land reform programs are considered complementary instruments of land reform. They are used to provide credit for land purchase by groups of landless farmers directly from the land market. The aim of this research was to measure the profit efficiency, considering two different mechanisms of land access. The analysis of profit efficiency was performed using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The frontier of production was estimated based on Cobb-Douglas production function. The data set represents the states: Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Pernambuco and the north region of Minas Gerais. The overall efficiency estimates were 0.3163. The efficiency estimates were 0.3678 for the farmers assigned by expropriation, and 0.3678 for the farmers with market land access. The production showed decreasing gains with the major partial elasticity for land. The positive efficiency effect sources are: farm labor, collective labor, location in superior soil class county areas, location in Maranhão and Ceará states, age of head of household, crops with irrigation or flood, and use of machinery. The negative efficiency effect sources are: outer-incomes and family consumption of its own production. There was no evidence that the farmers assigned by market assisted land reform developed more efficiency. On the other hand, it is not correct to conclude that farmers assigned by land expropriation developed better profit efficiency level
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Reforma agraria - Aspectos econômicos, Land reform, Stochastic frontier analysis, Profit efficiencyeng, Modeling
Como citar
MAGALHÃES, Marcelo Marques de. Eficiência de produção segundo diferentes mecanismos de acesso à terra na reforma agrária brasileira. 2011. xiv, 155 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade EStadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2011.