Períodos de interferência de maria-pretinha sobre tomateiro industrial
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Data
2007-06-01
Autores
Hernandez, Daniel D [UNESP]
Alves, Pedro Luís CA [UNESP]
Pavani, Maria do Carmo MD [UNESP]
Parreira, Mariana C [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Associação Brasileira de Horticultura
Resumo
Determinou-se os efeitos da convivência com plantas de maria-pretinha sobre a produtividade do tomateiro industrial, híbrido Heinz 9992, em um experimento com dois grupos de tratamentos: no primeiro, o tomate permaneceu livre da competição (60 mil plantas ha-1 de maria-pretinha) do transplantio até 15; 30; 45; 60; 75; 90; 105 e 120 dias (colheita); no segundo, a cultura permaneceu em competição com a maria-pretinha do transplantio até os mesmos períodos citados. Utilizaram-se blocos casualizados, três repetições e parcelas de quatro linhas. Altura, área foliar e massa seca da parte aérea da maria-pretinha foram obtidas a partir de amostras de dez plantas. A área foliar das plantas de maria-pretinha cresceu até 75 dias de convivência com as plantas de tomate (1.588 dm² planta-1), a altura até 60 dias de convivência (85 cm) e a massa seca da parte aérea até 120 dias de convivência (31,7 g planta-1). As produtividades mais alta (108,6 t ha-1 ou 87,6% da produção total de frutos) e mais baixa (14,2 t ha-1; 59,0%) de frutos maduros de tomate foram observadas quando a convivência entre tomate e maria-pretinha ocorreu respectivamente apenas nos 15 primeiros dias e ao longo de todo o ciclo do tomate. Nestes tratamentos, o peso médio de frutos maduros foi de respectivamente 58,7 e 38,0 g. Verificou-se que cada cm² de acréscimo em área foliar das plantas de maria-pretinha causou uma redução de 0,04 t ha-1 na produção de frutos maduros (PFM) (R² = 0,90), cada centímetro em altura da planta daninha reduziu 0,82 t ha-1 na PFM (R² = 0,78) e cada grama de acréscimo em massa seca de caules e folhas da planta daninha causou uma redução de 2,84 t ha-1 PFM (R² = 0,97). O período anterior à interferência, considerando-se a redução na produtividade do tomate em 5%, foi de 27 dias após o transplantio (DAT) da cultura; o período total de prevenção à interferência foi de 46 DAT e, o período crítico de prevenção à interferência, de 27 a 46 DAT.
In order to evaluate the effects of nightshade coexistence on processing tomato yield, hybrid Heinz 9992, an experiment was carried out consisting of two sets of treatments: in the first set, the crop was kept weed free (60 thousands plants ha-1) from transplanting to 15; 30; 45; 60; 75; 90; 105 days and 120 (harvest) days after transplanting (DAT); while in the second set, the crop was kept in competition with the nightshade from transplanting until the same DAT described for the set of treatments. A randomized block design trial, with three replications and four-row plots was used. Height, leaf area, and aerial part dry matter of nightshade was obtained out of 10-plant samples. Nightshade leaf area increased until 75 days of tomato coexistence (1,588 dm² plant-1); height until 60 days of coexistence (85 cm), and the leaf dry biomass until 120 days of coexistence (31.7 g plant-1). The highest (108.6 tons ha-1 or 87.6 % of total production) and lowest (14.2 tons ha-1 or 59%) ripe tomato yields were observed when the coexistence between tomato and nightshade occurred only in the first 15 days or in the whole crop cycle, respectively. In these treatments, the average ripe fruit weights were 58.7 and 38.0 g, respectively. Each cm² of increase in the nightshade leaf area caused a reduction of 0.04 tons ha-1 (R² = 0.90) on the ripe tomato yield; each cm of increase in the nightshade height reduced the ripe tomato yield in 0.82 tons ha-1 (R²=0.78); and each gram of increase in the nightshade aerial part dry matter reduced the ripe tomato yield in 2.84 tons ha-1 (R²=0.97). The period before interference, allowing up to 5% reduction in tomato yield, was 27 DAT; the total period for preventing interference was 46 DAT; and the critical period for preventing interference was between 27 and 46 DAT.
In order to evaluate the effects of nightshade coexistence on processing tomato yield, hybrid Heinz 9992, an experiment was carried out consisting of two sets of treatments: in the first set, the crop was kept weed free (60 thousands plants ha-1) from transplanting to 15; 30; 45; 60; 75; 90; 105 days and 120 (harvest) days after transplanting (DAT); while in the second set, the crop was kept in competition with the nightshade from transplanting until the same DAT described for the set of treatments. A randomized block design trial, with three replications and four-row plots was used. Height, leaf area, and aerial part dry matter of nightshade was obtained out of 10-plant samples. Nightshade leaf area increased until 75 days of tomato coexistence (1,588 dm² plant-1); height until 60 days of coexistence (85 cm), and the leaf dry biomass until 120 days of coexistence (31.7 g plant-1). The highest (108.6 tons ha-1 or 87.6 % of total production) and lowest (14.2 tons ha-1 or 59%) ripe tomato yields were observed when the coexistence between tomato and nightshade occurred only in the first 15 days or in the whole crop cycle, respectively. In these treatments, the average ripe fruit weights were 58.7 and 38.0 g, respectively. Each cm² of increase in the nightshade leaf area caused a reduction of 0.04 tons ha-1 (R² = 0.90) on the ripe tomato yield; each cm of increase in the nightshade height reduced the ripe tomato yield in 0.82 tons ha-1 (R²=0.78); and each gram of increase in the nightshade aerial part dry matter reduced the ripe tomato yield in 2.84 tons ha-1 (R²=0.97). The period before interference, allowing up to 5% reduction in tomato yield, was 27 DAT; the total period for preventing interference was 46 DAT; and the critical period for preventing interference was between 27 and 46 DAT.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum americanum, weed competition, coexistence crop-weed, Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum americanum, Competição, coexistência lavoura-planta daninha
Como citar
Horticultura Brasileira. Associação Brasileira de Horticultura, v. 25, n. 2, p. 199-204, 2007.