Plantas de cobertura e adubação nitrogenada em cultivares de arroz de terras altas irrigadas no cerrado
Data
2008-07-28
Autores
Guimarães, Geovane Lima [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O nitrogênio é o nutriente que geralmente mais influencia no rendimento de grãos de arroz, tendo sua dinâmica no sistema solo-planta alterada pelo manejo utilizado. Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e quantidade de nutrientes da fitomassa de plantas de cobertura do solo e o efeito do uso isolado e combinado de adubos verdes e uréia como fontes de nitrogênio para o arroz de terras altas na implantação do sistema plantio direto, foi conduzido um experimento durante o ano agrícola 2001/02 na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP/FEIS, no município de Selvíria- MS, em área de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos e quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x2x3, constituído de quatro sistemas de cobertura do solo: mucuna-preta, crotalária, milheto e pousio, dois cultivares de arroz: Primavera e IAC-202 e três níveis de N-uréia: 0, 50 e 100 kg ha-1. Para solo, realizaram-se avaliações químicas nas camadas de 0,0 a 0,10, 0,10 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,30 m, para pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, MO, H+Al e Al, N-total, e N mineral (NH4 + e NO- 3). Determinou-se a produtividade de fitomassa seca das plantas de cobertura e da vegetação espontânea (pousio); concentração de nutrientes nos adubos verdes, vegetação espontânea e na cultura do arroz à época do florescimento; ciclo e altura do arroz; número de panículas e colmos férteis m-2; número de espiguetas (total, chochas e granadas), rendimento de grãos no benefício, de inteiros e quebrados, além da produtividade de grãos. A sucessão crotalária-arroz foi a que promoveu maior produtividade de grãos, sendo o IAC-202 o cultivar mais produtivo. O milheto apresentou maior produtividade de fitomassa seca, sendo a melhor opção dentre as espécies de cobertura do solo avaliadas. As doses de N aumentaram linearmente a produtividade de grãos...
Nitrogen is the nutrient that usually more influences in the rice yield. It has a complex dynamic in the soil-plant system being it changed by soil management. This study was conducted at Experimental Station of UNESP/FEIS, located in Selvíria-MS country, in a dystroferric Red Latosol (Haplustox) with the objective of evaluating the productivity and amount of nutrients from mass of covering plants of soil and the effect of the isolated and combined use of covering plants and fallow besides urea as sources of nitrogen for the highlands rice in the implantation of the no till system during the agricultural year 2001/02. The used experimental design was a randomized blocks with 24 treatments and four repetitions, disposed in a factorial scheme 4x2x3, constituted of four systems of covering plants of the soil: velvet bean, sunn hemp, millet and spontaneous vegetation (fallow); two rice cultivars: Primavera and IAC-202; and three N doses: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 (Urea). It was evaluated: Soil chemical analysis in the layers from 0.0 to 0.10, 0.10 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.30 m, for pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, OM, H+Al and Al, N-total, and N mineral (NH4 + and NO3 -); the productivity of dry matter of the covering plants and of the spontaneous vegetation (fallow); concentration of nutrients in the covering plants, spontaneous vegetation and in the rice crop at flowering; cycle and height of the rice; panicles number and stems fertile m-2; spikelets number, grain quality, besides grain yield. The succession sunn hemp - rice promoted larger grain yield, being IAC-202 the cultivar more productive. The millet presented larger productivity of dry matter, being the best option among the species of covering plants. The doses of N increased the grain yield lineally, but they did not interfere in the mass of 1000 grains and in grain quality. The increase of the doses of N decreased the number... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Nitrogen is the nutrient that usually more influences in the rice yield. It has a complex dynamic in the soil-plant system being it changed by soil management. This study was conducted at Experimental Station of UNESP/FEIS, located in Selvíria-MS country, in a dystroferric Red Latosol (Haplustox) with the objective of evaluating the productivity and amount of nutrients from mass of covering plants of soil and the effect of the isolated and combined use of covering plants and fallow besides urea as sources of nitrogen for the highlands rice in the implantation of the no till system during the agricultural year 2001/02. The used experimental design was a randomized blocks with 24 treatments and four repetitions, disposed in a factorial scheme 4x2x3, constituted of four systems of covering plants of the soil: velvet bean, sunn hemp, millet and spontaneous vegetation (fallow); two rice cultivars: Primavera and IAC-202; and three N doses: 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 (Urea). It was evaluated: Soil chemical analysis in the layers from 0.0 to 0.10, 0.10 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.30 m, for pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, OM, H+Al and Al, N-total, and N mineral (NH4 + and NO3 -); the productivity of dry matter of the covering plants and of the spontaneous vegetation (fallow); concentration of nutrients in the covering plants, spontaneous vegetation and in the rice crop at flowering; cycle and height of the rice; panicles number and stems fertile m-2; spikelets number, grain quality, besides grain yield. The succession sunn hemp - rice promoted larger grain yield, being IAC-202 the cultivar more productive. The millet presented larger productivity of dry matter, being the best option among the species of covering plants. The doses of N increased the grain yield lineally, but they did not interfere in the mass of 1000 grains and in grain quality. The increase of the doses of N decreased the number... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Arroz, Ureia como fertilizante, Crotalaria, Milheto, Mucuna-preta, Oryza sativa, Nitrogen fertilizer, Velvet bean, Sunn hemp, Millet
Como citar
GUIMARÃES, Geovane Lima. Plantas de cobertura e adubação nitrogenada em cultivares de arroz de terras altas irrigadas no cerrado. 2008. 52 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2008.