Coberturas vegetais, manejo do solo e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura do milho
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Data
2012-03-12
Autores
Kappes, Claudinei [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pesquisas são desenvolvidas buscando identificar a melhor dose de nitrogênio para o milho nos mais diferenciados sistemas de manejo do solo. Contudo, não há ainda concordância nos resultados, pois a dinâmica deste nutriente é influenciada pelo manejo do solo e pela cobertura vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de coberturas vegetais, sistemas de manejo do solo e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura no milho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Selvíria – MS, durante os anos agrícolas 2009/10 e 2010/11, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico argiloso (20o 20’ S e 51o 24’ W, com altitude de 340 m). Foram estabelecidos trinta e seis tratamentos com quatro repetições, em blocos casualizados, resultantes da combinação entre coberturas vegetais (milheto, crotalária e milheto + crotalária), manejo do solo (escarificador + grade leve, grade pesada + grade leve e sistema plantio direto) e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 – fonte ureia). O híbrido de milho utilizado foi o DKB 350 YG®, semeado no espaçamento de 0,9 m entre as linhas e o nitrogênio aplicado no estádio V5. Os efeitos de cobertura vegetal e manejo do solo foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey e de dose pela análise de regressão. O milheto produz menor quantidade de massa seca em relação à crotalária, porém seus resíduos são mais persistentes no solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura proporciona incremento da maioria das características morfológicas e nutricionais de plantas e dos componentes de produção do milho. A utilização de crotalária e de milheto + crotalária como antecessoras, associada à aplicação de 90 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio em cobertura do milho sob sistema plantio direto, proporciona maior produtividade
Research has been developed to identify the best nitrogen rate for maize in many types of soil management systems. However, there is no agreement on the results so far, because the dynamic of nitrogen is influenced by soil management system and cover crops. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of cover crops, soil management systems and side-dressing nitrogen rates for maize. The field trials were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the growing season of 2009/10 and 2010/11, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20o 20’ S and 51o 24’ W, with altitude of 340 m). Thirty six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, with the combination of cover crops (millet, sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp), soil management systems (chisel plow + levelling disking, heavy disking + levelling disking, and no-tillage system) and side- dressing nitrogen rates (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 – urea source). The hybrid of maize used was DKB 350 YG® sown in the spacing of 0.9 m between lines and the nitrogen applied at V5 growth stage. The effects of cover crops and soil management were analyzed by Tukey test and nitrogen rates by regression analysis. The millet produces less amount of dry mass yield than sunn hemp, but its residues are more persistent on the soil surface. The side-dressing nitrogen application increases most of the morphological and plant nutritional characteristics and yield components of maize. Sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp grown previously, associated with 90 kg ha-1 side-dressing nitrogen application of maize under no-tillage system, provides higher grain yield
Research has been developed to identify the best nitrogen rate for maize in many types of soil management systems. However, there is no agreement on the results so far, because the dynamic of nitrogen is influenced by soil management system and cover crops. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of cover crops, soil management systems and side-dressing nitrogen rates for maize. The field trials were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the growing season of 2009/10 and 2010/11, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20o 20’ S and 51o 24’ W, with altitude of 340 m). Thirty six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, with the combination of cover crops (millet, sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp), soil management systems (chisel plow + levelling disking, heavy disking + levelling disking, and no-tillage system) and side- dressing nitrogen rates (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 – urea source). The hybrid of maize used was DKB 350 YG® sown in the spacing of 0.9 m between lines and the nitrogen applied at V5 growth stage. The effects of cover crops and soil management were analyzed by Tukey test and nitrogen rates by regression analysis. The millet produces less amount of dry mass yield than sunn hemp, but its residues are more persistent on the soil surface. The side-dressing nitrogen application increases most of the morphological and plant nutritional characteristics and yield components of maize. Sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp grown previously, associated with 90 kg ha-1 side-dressing nitrogen application of maize under no-tillage system, provides higher grain yield
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho - Cultura, Milho - Manejo do solo, Maize - Nitrogen fertilization
Como citar
KAPPES, Claudinei. Coberturas vegetais, manejo do solo e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura do milho. 2012. 204 f. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2012.