Purificação parcial e caracterização bioquímica de uma isoforma de β-glicosidase do fungo termofílico Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7
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Data
2016-02-29
Autores
Bonfá, Emily Colferai [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As celulases podem ser utilizadas na bioconversão da fração de celulose de resíduos agro-industriais em açúcares fermentáveis, visando a obtenção de combustíveis renováveis e produtos químicos. As β-glicosidases são cruciais para a total sacarificação da celulose, mas na maioria dos casos elas são fortemente inibidas pelo seu produto, a glicose. Portanto, o conhecimento das cinéticas de hidrólise e as respostas dessa enzima frente a diferentes substratos e produtos pode definir a eficiência de hidrólise e do processo biotecnológico no qual poderia ser incorporada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a β -glicosidase de 50 kDa (BG50) produzida pelo fungo termofílico Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7 cultivado em estado sólido, em mistura de bagaço de cana e farelo de trigo (1:1). O zimograma do extrato bruto evidenciou duas isoformas, de aproximadamente 200 e 50 kDa, as quais foram separadas por cromatografia de filtração em gel. A caracterização da BG50 mostrou atividade ótima a 60 ˚C e pH 5,0 quando usado o 4-nitrofenol-β-D-glicopiranosídeo (pNPG), enquanto com celobiose o valor da temperatura e pH ótimo foram de 50 ˚C e pH 4,5, respectivamente. Testes realizados com adição de íons e reagentes mostraram diferenças nos efeitos sobre a atividade da enzima dependendo do substrato, principalmente com a adição de Ditiotreitol (DTT) utilizando celobiose, e inibição completa com Cu2+ e Fe3+ para pNPG e celobiose. Além disso, a enzima não mostrou efeito inibitório quando testada na presença de nove compostos fenólicos, uma característica significativa. Os estudos cinéticos revelaram um perfil de inibição competitiva pela glicose quando utilizado pNPG com valor de KI=1,5 mM e um Km significativamente menor (0,52 mM) pelo pNPG do que pela celobiose (Km=8,50 mM). Os parâmetros termodinâmicos mostraram que a BG50 é bastante estável, destacando seu tempo de meia vida de 855,6 minutos a 60 °C, porém desnatura facilmente acima dessa temperatura. Os resultados enfatizam a importância de investigar potencialidades de β-glicosidases baseadas na celobiose, uma vez que no processo industrial a enzima atuará sobre o substrato natural, além da compreensão da termoestabilidade da enzima.
Cellulases can be used in bioconversion of cellulose from agro-industrial waste into fermentable sugars in order to obtain renewable fuels and chemicals. The β-glucosidases are crucial to the overall saccharification of cellulose, but in most cases, they are strongly inhibited by its product, glucose. Therefore, knowledge of the hydrolysis kinetics of the enzyme and its responses against different substrates and products can set the hydrolysis efficiency and possible incorporation in biotechnological process. This study aimed to characterize the 50 kDa β-glucosidase (BG50) produced by the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7 grown in solid state, in a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran (1:1). The zymogram of the crude extract showed two isoforms of 200 and 50 kDa, which were separated by gel filtration chromatography. The characterization of BG50 showed optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 5.0 when used pNPG, whereas using cellobiose the values of the optimal temperature and pH were 50 °C and pH 4.5, respectively. Tests with addition of reactants and ions showed differences in the effects on enzyme activity depending on the substrate, especially with the addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) utilizing cellobiose, and complete inhibition with Cu2+ and Fe3+ for 4-nitrophenyl-β- D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and cellobiose. Furthermore, the enzyme showed no inhibitory effect when tested in the presence of nine phenolic compounds, a remarkable characteristic. Kinetic studies showed a profile of competitive inhibition by glucose when using pNPG with Ki = 1.5 mM and Km significantly lower (0.52 mM) with pNPG than using cellobiose (Km = 8.50 mM). The thermodynamic parameters show that BG50 is quite stable, highlighting its half life of 855.6 minutes at 60 ° C, but above this temperature easily denatured. The results emphasize the importance of investigating β-glucosidases’ potential based on cellobiose, since for the industrial processes the enzyme will function with its natural substrate, in addition to understanding the thermal stability of the enzyme.
Cellulases can be used in bioconversion of cellulose from agro-industrial waste into fermentable sugars in order to obtain renewable fuels and chemicals. The β-glucosidases are crucial to the overall saccharification of cellulose, but in most cases, they are strongly inhibited by its product, glucose. Therefore, knowledge of the hydrolysis kinetics of the enzyme and its responses against different substrates and products can set the hydrolysis efficiency and possible incorporation in biotechnological process. This study aimed to characterize the 50 kDa β-glucosidase (BG50) produced by the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila M.7.7 grown in solid state, in a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran (1:1). The zymogram of the crude extract showed two isoforms of 200 and 50 kDa, which were separated by gel filtration chromatography. The characterization of BG50 showed optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 5.0 when used pNPG, whereas using cellobiose the values of the optimal temperature and pH were 50 °C and pH 4.5, respectively. Tests with addition of reactants and ions showed differences in the effects on enzyme activity depending on the substrate, especially with the addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) utilizing cellobiose, and complete inhibition with Cu2+ and Fe3+ for 4-nitrophenyl-β- D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and cellobiose. Furthermore, the enzyme showed no inhibitory effect when tested in the presence of nine phenolic compounds, a remarkable characteristic. Kinetic studies showed a profile of competitive inhibition by glucose when using pNPG with Ki = 1.5 mM and Km significantly lower (0.52 mM) with pNPG than using cellobiose (Km = 8.50 mM). The thermodynamic parameters show that BG50 is quite stable, highlighting its half life of 855.6 minutes at 60 ° C, but above this temperature easily denatured. The results emphasize the importance of investigating β-glucosidases’ potential based on cellobiose, since for the industrial processes the enzyme will function with its natural substrate, in addition to understanding the thermal stability of the enzyme.
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Palavras-chave
Celulase, β-glicosidase, Myceliophthora thermophila, Cinética enzimática, Estabilidade térmica, Enzyme kinetics, Thermal stability