Avaliação de atividades biológicas dos extratos de Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) e Thymus vulgaris L. (tomilho)
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2016-02-12
Autores
Oliveira, Jonatas Rafael de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No presente estudo foram avaliadas algumas atividades biológicas dos extratos de R. officinalis L. (alecrim) e T. vulgaris L. (tomilho), verificando: I. Atividade antimicrobiana sobre biofilmes monomicrobianos de Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa e associações de C. albicans com cada uma destas bactérias, após determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração microbicida mínima (CMM) sobre culturas planctônicas destes micro-organismos; II. Viabilidade celular sobre macrófagos de camundongo (RAW 264.7), fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1), linhagem tumoral de carcinoma mamário (MCF-7) e linhagem tumoral de carcinoma cervical (HeLa); III. Atividade anti-inflamatória sobre RAW 264.7 estimulada por lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli; e IV. Atividade genotóxica. Após verificação da capacidade antimicrobiana dos extratos, por método de microdiluição em caldo, as concentrações mais efetivas foram aplicadas nos demais testes. Sobre os biofilmes mono e polimicrobianos, formados por 48 h em poços de placa de microtitulação, a ação dos extratos foi analisada após exposição de 5 min, com quantificação de UFC/mL e analise de sua viabilidade. Da mesma forma, sobre as linhagens celulares (RAW 264.7, FMM-1, MCF-7 e HeLa), cultivadas por 24 h em placas de microtitulação, os extratos foram analisados com os ensaios de MTT, vermelho neutro (VN) e cristal violeta (CV). Foi analisado o efeito anti-inflamatório dos extratos com ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA, pela quantificação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (TNF-α e IL-1β). A genotoxicidade dos extratos foi verificada pela frequência de micronúcleos (MN) formados em 1000 células. Os resultados foram analisados por T-Test ou ANOVA e Tukey Test (p ≤ 0,05). Em relação ao extrato de R. officinalis L. foi observada redução significativa de todos os biofilmes após exposição de 5 min, bem como, redução de sua viabilidade. Quanto às células, foi observado viabilidade celular acima de 50% a ≤ 50 mg/mL. O nível de IL-1β não se alterou com as concentrações do extrato, entretanto quando RAW 264.7 foi estimulada por LPS, houve inibição da produção desta citocina. Em relação ao nível de TNF-α, houve modulação da síntese desta citocina, sem e com LPS. Foi constatado também ausência de genotoxicidade, uma vez que, a frequência de MN foi semelhante ou menor ao grupo controle. Em relação ao extrato de T. vulgaris L., todos os biofilmes mono e polimicrobianos apresentaram reduções significativas em comparação ao grupo controle. A viabilidade dos biofilmes também foi reduzida. Sobre todas as linhagens celulares foi observada viabilidade celular acima de 50%. Efeito imunomodulador foi observado na síntese de IL-1β e TNF-α. A formação de MN foi semelhante ou inferior ao grupo controle, em todas as linhagens. Com isso, foi concluído que ambos os extratos foram efetivos sobre biofilmes mono e polimicrobianos, proporcionaram viabilidade celular para as culturas acima de 50%, apresentaram efeito imunomodulador e não foram genotóxicos.
This study performed some biological activities of R. officinalis L. (rosemary) and T. vulgaris L. (thyme) extracts, such as: I. Antimicrobial activity on monomicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and C. albicans association with each of these bacteria, after determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) on planktonic cultures of these microorganisms; II. Cell viability on mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7), human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa); III. Anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7; and IV. Genotoxic activity. After checking the antimicrobial capacity of the extracts by broth microdilution method, the most effective concentrations were applied in the other tests. On mono- and polymicrobial biofilms formed by 48 h in microtitre plate wells, the action of the extracts was analyzed after 5 min exposure, with counting of CFU/mL and analysis of their viability. Likewise, in the cell lines (RAW 264.7, FMM-1, MCF-7 and HeLa cells) cultured for 24 h in microtitre plates, the extracts were analyzed by MTT, neutral red (NR) and crystal violet (CV) assays. By ELISA assay, anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts was analyzed with quantification of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). The genotoxicity of the extracts was verified by the micronuclei frequency (MN) formed in 1000 cells. The results were analyzed by T-Test or ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the R. officinalis L. extract was observed significant reduction of all biofilms after 5 min of exposure, as well as reduction their viability. Additionally, cell viability above 50% to ≤ 50 mg/mL was observed on lineages. The IL-1β level did not change with the concentrations of the extract, but when RAW 264.7 was stimulated by LPS, there was inhibition of the production of this cytokine. In relation to the level of TNF-α, was modulation of the synthesis of this cytokine with and without LPS. It was also observed lack of genotoxicity, since the frequency of MN was similar or less than the control group. Regarding to T. vulgaris L. extract, all mono and polymicrobial showed significant reductions compared to the control group. Their viability was also reduced. On all cell lines was observed cell viability above 50%. Immunomodulatory effect was observed in IL-1β and TNF-α synthesis. The MN formation was similar or lower than the control group in all cell lines. Thus, it was concluded that both extracts were effective on mono- and polymicrobial biofilms, promoted cell viability above 50% for cultures, presented immunomodulatory effect and were non-genotoxic.
This study performed some biological activities of R. officinalis L. (rosemary) and T. vulgaris L. (thyme) extracts, such as: I. Antimicrobial activity on monomicrobial biofilms of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and C. albicans association with each of these bacteria, after determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) on planktonic cultures of these microorganisms; II. Cell viability on mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7), human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1), human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa); III. Anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7; and IV. Genotoxic activity. After checking the antimicrobial capacity of the extracts by broth microdilution method, the most effective concentrations were applied in the other tests. On mono- and polymicrobial biofilms formed by 48 h in microtitre plate wells, the action of the extracts was analyzed after 5 min exposure, with counting of CFU/mL and analysis of their viability. Likewise, in the cell lines (RAW 264.7, FMM-1, MCF-7 and HeLa cells) cultured for 24 h in microtitre plates, the extracts were analyzed by MTT, neutral red (NR) and crystal violet (CV) assays. By ELISA assay, anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts was analyzed with quantification of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). The genotoxicity of the extracts was verified by the micronuclei frequency (MN) formed in 1000 cells. The results were analyzed by T-Test or ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding the R. officinalis L. extract was observed significant reduction of all biofilms after 5 min of exposure, as well as reduction their viability. Additionally, cell viability above 50% to ≤ 50 mg/mL was observed on lineages. The IL-1β level did not change with the concentrations of the extract, but when RAW 264.7 was stimulated by LPS, there was inhibition of the production of this cytokine. In relation to the level of TNF-α, was modulation of the synthesis of this cytokine with and without LPS. It was also observed lack of genotoxicity, since the frequency of MN was similar or less than the control group. Regarding to T. vulgaris L. extract, all mono and polymicrobial showed significant reductions compared to the control group. Their viability was also reduced. On all cell lines was observed cell viability above 50%. Immunomodulatory effect was observed in IL-1β and TNF-α synthesis. The MN formation was similar or lower than the control group in all cell lines. Thus, it was concluded that both extracts were effective on mono- and polymicrobial biofilms, promoted cell viability above 50% for cultures, presented immunomodulatory effect and were non-genotoxic.
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Palavras-chave
Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Atividade antimicrobiana, Biofilmes, Citotoxicidade, Atividade anti-inflamatória, Genotoxicidade