Elastografia Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) e Doppler na avaliação das glândulas adrenais de cães hígidos
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Data
2016-07-13
Autores
Fernandez, Stephanie [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As glândulas adrenais exercem papel fundamental na manutenção da homeostasia tanto em humanos, como nos animais, logo a avaliação ultrassonográfica dessas glândulas deve ser rotina, uma vez que pode auxiliar no diagnóstico de uma dada afecção, principalmente o hiperadrenocorticismo, doença relativamente comum principalmente nos cães, cujo diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação do eixo hormonal hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal. Quanto às outras doenças, como neoplasias, cistos, hiperplasias, dentre outras, o diagnostico se torna desafiador, pois depende de métodos invasivos de alto risco. Logo, este estudo buscou a aplicabilidade de técnicas de imagem avançadas e não invasivas, como a elastografia ARFI (quantitativa e qualitativa) e a ultrassonografia Doppler, com o objetivo de determinar os valores de normalidade ainda não relatados. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação ultrassonográfica modo-B nos cães saudáveis, mostraram hipoecoica em relação a gordura adjacente, homogêneas, contorno liso, formato típico e dimensões dentro dos valores de normalidade. A avaliação Doppler determinou os índices vasculares da artéria frênico-abdominal da glândula adrenal esquerda: velocidade sistólica 31,34 ± 5,79 cm/s e velocidade diastólica 9,54±3,03 cm/s, e da glândula adrenal direita: velocidade sistólica: 34,25±8,18 cm/s e velocidade diastólica 10,72±3,75 cm/s. Portanto, este estudo conseguiu com êxito demostrar a aplicabilidade destas técnicas na avalição das glândulas adrenais, mostrando-se promissoras para o auxílio diagnóstico de afecções das adrenais caninas.
The adrenals glands have an important role in maintaining homeostasis in humans and animals, so the ultrasonography evaluation of these glands should be routine, since it may help in the early diagnosis of a particular condition, as hyperadrenocorticism, a relatively common disease mostly in dogs, whose diagnosis is based on the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormonal axis. Other diseases such as tumors, cysts, hyperplasia, among others, the diagnosis becomes challenging because it depends on high-risk invasive methods. Therefore, this study sought the application of advanced imaging techniques and non-invasive, such as elastography ARFI (quantitative and qualitative) and Doppler ultrasound, in order to determine normal values not reported yet. The results obtained in the ultrasound B-mode assessment in healthy dogs, were within the normal range. The Doppler evaluation determined the vascular indices of the phrenic-abdominal artery of the left adrenal gland: systolic velocity 31.34 ± 5.79 cm / s and diastolic velocity 9:54 ± 3:03 cm / s, and right adrenal gland: systolic velocity: 34.25 ± 8.18 cm / s speed diastolic 10.72 ± 3.75 cm / s, hitherto not described in the veterinary literature. Therefore, this study was able to successfully demonstrate the applicability of these techniques in adrenal glands, showing promise for the diagnosis aid conditions of the canine adrenals.
The adrenals glands have an important role in maintaining homeostasis in humans and animals, so the ultrasonography evaluation of these glands should be routine, since it may help in the early diagnosis of a particular condition, as hyperadrenocorticism, a relatively common disease mostly in dogs, whose diagnosis is based on the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormonal axis. Other diseases such as tumors, cysts, hyperplasia, among others, the diagnosis becomes challenging because it depends on high-risk invasive methods. Therefore, this study sought the application of advanced imaging techniques and non-invasive, such as elastography ARFI (quantitative and qualitative) and Doppler ultrasound, in order to determine normal values not reported yet. The results obtained in the ultrasound B-mode assessment in healthy dogs, were within the normal range. The Doppler evaluation determined the vascular indices of the phrenic-abdominal artery of the left adrenal gland: systolic velocity 31.34 ± 5.79 cm / s and diastolic velocity 9:54 ± 3:03 cm / s, and right adrenal gland: systolic velocity: 34.25 ± 8.18 cm / s speed diastolic 10.72 ± 3.75 cm / s, hitherto not described in the veterinary literature. Therefore, this study was able to successfully demonstrate the applicability of these techniques in adrenal glands, showing promise for the diagnosis aid conditions of the canine adrenals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adrenais, Diagnóstico por imagem, Endocrinologia, Ultrassonografia