Frederico Carlos Hoehne (1882-1959) e a flora medicinal brasileira: a pesquisa botânica na cidade de São Paulo no início do século XX
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-07-15
Autores
Molina, Ariel de Andrade [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O universo que abrange o conhecimento e o estudo das plantas medicinais pelo homem é complexo. Muitos botânicos e médicos se ocuparam ao longo do tempo estudando e utilizando plantas medicinais. No Brasil, na virada do século XX, alguns cientistas foram protagonistas dos processos de mudanças institucionais que ocorriam, em especial na cidade de São Paulo. Uma figura menos conhecida no estudo das plantas medicinais do que em outras áreas da Botânica, Frederico Carlos Hoehne (1882 – 1959), deixou um legado de obras valiosíssimas para a Ciência. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo traçar um esboço geral da tradição científico-cultural do estudo e pesquisa de plantas medicinais no Brasil, utilizando as questões presentes na obra de Hoehne como base histórica e orientação temática. No desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram utilizados procedimentos metodológicos presentes na Etnobotânica Histórica. Para tanto, foram levantados documentos, publicações e iconografias de Hoehne arquivadas pelos Institutos por onde trabalhou na cidade de São Paulo, que evidenciam o seu pensamento sobre Botânica aplicada a plantas medicinais. Interesses pessoais e profissionais de Hoehne acerca do assunto também são discutidos. Hoehne iniciou sua carreira como botânico no Rio de Janeiro em 1907 e, ao se mudar para São Paulo em 1917, teve a oportunidade de trabalhar ao lado de Vital Brasil e Arthur Neiva e publicar estudos etnográficos envolvendo plantas medicinais. Essas publicações foram resultado de sua atuação na Seção de Botânica do Instituto Butantan. A produção de plantas medicinais pelo Horto Oswaldo Cruz e o processamento de fitofármacos por químicos e médicos foram os principais focos da atuação de Hoehne. Ao longo de sua trajetória, a Seção de Botânica sofreria mudanças físicas e administrativas, migrando para o Museu Paulista em 1923 e ainda rebatizada como Seção de Botânica e Agronomia, quando foi transferida para a criação do Instituto Biológico em 1927. Em meados da década de 1930, Hoehne iniciou seu trabalho que consistia em formular um dicionário de plantas medicinais, publicado em 1939, e que continua sendo utilizado por pesquisadores da área. A Seção de Botânica e Agronomia do Instituto Biológico ganhou autonomia em 1938 com a fundação do Departamento de Botânica do Estado de São Paulo, que foi renomeado em 1942 como Instituto de Botânica. Com o crescente desenvolvimento das indústrias farmacêuticas e interesse dos sistemas médicos pela fitoterapia, novos grupos de pesquisa começaram a surgir a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Esses pesquisadores se beneficiaram diretamente de contribuições deixadas por Hoehne. Suas obras possuem grande valor para o estudo da Botânica pura e aplicada até hoje e oferecem material relevante de pesquisa para a Etnobotânica de plantas medicinais em seus mais variados aspectos. A cronologia organizada e apresentada no presente trabalho mostra em que medida Hoehne impulsionou a pesquisa envolvendo a Botânica aplicada a plantas medicinais no Brasil e como sua obra pode ser mais bem aproveitada por essa sistematização. Há afinidade do pensamento de Hoehne com o que é previsto e recomendado nas pesquisas com plantas medicinais da atualidade, podendo ser explorados, posteriormente, estudos seguindo diferentes eixos temáticos de suas publicações como horticultura e fruticultura indígena, paisagismo e silvicultura de nativas e educação ambiental.
The universe that encompasses the knowledge and study of medicinal plants by humans is complex. Many botanists and doctors busied themselves over time by studying and using medicinal plants. In Brazil, at the turn of the twentieth century some scientists were protagonist of institutional change processes taking place in Brazil, especially in São Paulo. A figure less known in the study of medicinal plants than other areas of Botany, Frederico Carlos Hoehne (1882 - 1959) left a legacy of priceless works for Science in Brazil. This work aims to draw a general outline of the scientific and cultural tradition of study and research of medicinal plants in Brazil, using the present issues in the work of Hoehne as a historic base and thematic orientation. To develop this work methodological procedures used were present in the Historic Ethnobotany, where documents were raised, publications and iconography Hoehne filed by institutes in now in the city of São Paulo, which show his thoughts on Botany applied to medicinal plants. Personal interests and Hoehne professionals about medicinal plants are also discussed. Hoehne began his career as a botanist in Rio de Janeiro in 1907, and moved to São Paulo in 1917 had the opportunity to work alongside Vital Brazil and Arthur Neiva and publish ethnographic studies of medicinal plants. These publications were the result of its operations in Botany Section of the Butantan Institute. The production of medicinal plants by Horto Oswaldo Cruz and processing of pesticides by chemists and physicians was the main focus of Hoehne of action. Throughout its history the Botany Section suffer physical and administrative changes, migrating to the Museu Paulista in 1923 and even renamed Section of Botany and Agronomy when we moved to the creation of the Biological Institute in 1927. In the mid-1930s, Hoehne began working from a dictionary of medicinal plants which was published in 1939, which is still used today by researchers in the field of medicinal plants. The Biological Institute Botany and Agronomy Section gained autonomy in 1938 with the founding of the Department of State of São Paulo Botany, which was renamed in 1942 as the Institute of Botany. With the increasing development of pharmaceutical and greater interest of medical systems by herbal medicine, new research groups began to emerge from the second half of the twentieth century. These researchers have benefited directly from contributions left by Hoehne. The Hoehne works have great value for the study of Botany pure and applied until today, and offer relevant research material for Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in its various aspects. The organized and presented in this work chronology shows to what extent Hoehne boosted research involving Botany applied to medicinal plants in Brazil, and how its work can be better utilized for this systematization. Is there an affinity of thought Hoehne with what is predicted and recommended in research with medicinal plants today, and can be further explored studies following different themes of his publications as horticulture and indigenous fruit growing, landscaping and forestry native and environmental education.
The universe that encompasses the knowledge and study of medicinal plants by humans is complex. Many botanists and doctors busied themselves over time by studying and using medicinal plants. In Brazil, at the turn of the twentieth century some scientists were protagonist of institutional change processes taking place in Brazil, especially in São Paulo. A figure less known in the study of medicinal plants than other areas of Botany, Frederico Carlos Hoehne (1882 - 1959) left a legacy of priceless works for Science in Brazil. This work aims to draw a general outline of the scientific and cultural tradition of study and research of medicinal plants in Brazil, using the present issues in the work of Hoehne as a historic base and thematic orientation. To develop this work methodological procedures used were present in the Historic Ethnobotany, where documents were raised, publications and iconography Hoehne filed by institutes in now in the city of São Paulo, which show his thoughts on Botany applied to medicinal plants. Personal interests and Hoehne professionals about medicinal plants are also discussed. Hoehne began his career as a botanist in Rio de Janeiro in 1907, and moved to São Paulo in 1917 had the opportunity to work alongside Vital Brazil and Arthur Neiva and publish ethnographic studies of medicinal plants. These publications were the result of its operations in Botany Section of the Butantan Institute. The production of medicinal plants by Horto Oswaldo Cruz and processing of pesticides by chemists and physicians was the main focus of Hoehne of action. Throughout its history the Botany Section suffer physical and administrative changes, migrating to the Museu Paulista in 1923 and even renamed Section of Botany and Agronomy when we moved to the creation of the Biological Institute in 1927. In the mid-1930s, Hoehne began working from a dictionary of medicinal plants which was published in 1939, which is still used today by researchers in the field of medicinal plants. The Biological Institute Botany and Agronomy Section gained autonomy in 1938 with the founding of the Department of State of São Paulo Botany, which was renamed in 1942 as the Institute of Botany. With the increasing development of pharmaceutical and greater interest of medical systems by herbal medicine, new research groups began to emerge from the second half of the twentieth century. These researchers have benefited directly from contributions left by Hoehne. The Hoehne works have great value for the study of Botany pure and applied until today, and offer relevant research material for Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in its various aspects. The organized and presented in this work chronology shows to what extent Hoehne boosted research involving Botany applied to medicinal plants in Brazil, and how its work can be better utilized for this systematization. Is there an affinity of thought Hoehne with what is predicted and recommended in research with medicinal plants today, and can be further explored studies following different themes of his publications as horticulture and indigenous fruit growing, landscaping and forestry native and environmental education.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História da Botânica, Medicina popular brasileira, Etnobotânica Histórica, History of Botany, Brazilian folk medicine, Historic Ethnobotany