Estudo das reações de imobilização de complexos organometálicos de tungstênio e molibdênio em oligômeros poliédricos de silsesquioxanos para aplicação em catálise
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Data
2016-11-30
Autores
Vieira, Eduardo Guimarães [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho descreve a síntese e caracterização de dois novos materiais nanoestruturados a base oligômeros poliédricos de silsesquioxanos (POSS). O primeiro tipo de material precursor foi sintetizado a partir da reação do Octakis(3-cloropropil)octasilsesquioxano (POSS-Cl) com o ligante 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-ácido carboxílico (ATZAc), resultando no POSS-ATZAc. O segundo tipo envolveu a preparação de um dendrímero de segunda geração por meio da organofuncionalização do núcleo POSS com grupos orgânicos de terminação amino. Esse segundo tipo de material foi denominado de POSS-DG2.0. Ambos os materiais precursores foram utilizados na imobilização dos complexos organometálicos [W(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (W), [Mo(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-I) e [Mo(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-II) nas respectivas esferas de coordenação de suas superfícies, dando origem a seis novos catalisadores heterogêneos. As etapas de preparação dos catalisadores heterogêneos foram caracterizados por Análise Elementar (C, N, H e Mo ou W), Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho (FTIR), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 29Si e 13C no Estado Sólido (RMN), Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (EDX). Nos estudos de imobilização foi observado que o sorção de cada complexo foi dependente do tempo, concentração e temperatura. De modo geral, os modelos de Langmuir e pseudo-segunda ordem foram os mais adequados para descrever os dados de concentração e cinética. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos ΔG, ΔH e ΔS foram avaliados e os resultados mostraram que a imobilização dos complexos sobre cada suporte foi um processo espontâneo, endotérmico e favorável, respectivamente. Após os estudos de imobilização e com o propósito de aplicação em catálise, os novos catalisadores POSS-ATZAc-W, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-I, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-II, POSS-DG2.0-W, POSS-DG2.0-Mo-I e POSS-DG2.0-Mo-II foram testados na epoxidação catalítica das olefinas 1-octeno, cicloocteno, (S)-limoneno, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol e estireno, usando terc-butil hidroperóxido (TBHP) como oxidante e comparados com seus respectivos catalisadores homogêneos e gerações anteriores. Os catalisadores dendríticos foram os que apresentaram melhores atividades catalíticas. Os catalisadores heterogêneos foram submetidos a testes de lixiviação e todos permanecem com alta atividade catalítica mesmo após cinco ciclos.
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of two new nanostructured materials based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The first type of precursor material was synthesized from the reaction of Octakis(3-Chloropropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-Cl) with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid ligand (ATZAc), resulting in the POSS-ATZAc. The second type involves the preparation of a dendrimer of the second generation through organofunctionalization of the POSS core with organic groups of amino termination. This second type of material was called POSS-DG2.0. Both precursor materials were used in the immobilization of the organometallic complexes [W(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (W), [Mo(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-I) and [Mo(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-II) in their respective coordination spheres of its surfaces, resulting in six new heterogeneous catalysts. The steps of preparation of the heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by Elemental Analysis (C, N, H and Mo or W), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C and 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Solid State (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In the immobilization studies we observed that the immobilization of each complex was dependent of the time, concentration and temperature. The Langmuir and pseudo-second order were most appropriate to describe the concentration and kinetics data. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were evaluated and the results showed that the immobilization of the complexes on each support was a spontaneous, favorable and endothermic process, respectively. After the studies of immobilization and with the purpose of application in catalysis, the new catalysts POSS-ATZAc-W, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-I, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-II, the POSS-DG2.0-W, POSS-DG2.0-Mo-I and POSS-DG2.0-Mo-II were tested in the catalytic epoxidation of the olefins 1-octene, cyclooctene, (S)-limonene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol and styrene, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and compared with their respective homogeneous catalysts and previous generations. The dendritic catalysts showed the best catalytic activity. Heterogeneous catalysts were subjected to leaching tests and all remain with a high catalytic activity even after being used for at least five cycles.
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of two new nanostructured materials based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The first type of precursor material was synthesized from the reaction of Octakis(3-Chloropropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-Cl) with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid ligand (ATZAc), resulting in the POSS-ATZAc. The second type involves the preparation of a dendrimer of the second generation through organofunctionalization of the POSS core with organic groups of amino termination. This second type of material was called POSS-DG2.0. Both precursor materials were used in the immobilization of the organometallic complexes [W(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (W), [Mo(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-I) and [Mo(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-II) in their respective coordination spheres of its surfaces, resulting in six new heterogeneous catalysts. The steps of preparation of the heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by Elemental Analysis (C, N, H and Mo or W), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C and 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Solid State (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In the immobilization studies we observed that the immobilization of each complex was dependent of the time, concentration and temperature. The Langmuir and pseudo-second order were most appropriate to describe the concentration and kinetics data. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were evaluated and the results showed that the immobilization of the complexes on each support was a spontaneous, favorable and endothermic process, respectively. After the studies of immobilization and with the purpose of application in catalysis, the new catalysts POSS-ATZAc-W, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-I, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-II, the POSS-DG2.0-W, POSS-DG2.0-Mo-I and POSS-DG2.0-Mo-II were tested in the catalytic epoxidation of the olefins 1-octene, cyclooctene, (S)-limonene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol and styrene, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and compared with their respective homogeneous catalysts and previous generations. The dendritic catalysts showed the best catalytic activity. Heterogeneous catalysts were subjected to leaching tests and all remain with a high catalytic activity even after being used for at least five cycles.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Silsesquioxano, Dendrímero, Complexos organometálicos, Imobilização, Catalisadores heterogêneos, Catálise, Epoxidação de olefinas