Estudo de propriedades físico-químicas de híbridos argila-PMMA: abordagem experimental por método grafting e abordagem teórica por cálculos ab initio
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Data
2017-02-20
Autores
Ferreira, Camila Raiane [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desafio da produção e aplicação de nanocompósitos poliméricos vêm recebendo grande destaque científico devido ao seu caráter multifuncional. Os materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos apresentam propriedades distintas que não se limitam à soma das propriedades de seus componentes separadamente, mas decorre de um sinergismo entre as fases em nível molecular. Como uma vertente do estudo desses materiais, a modificação de superfícies de argilas minerais se tornou uma forma de melhorar ou criar novas propriedades em materiais híbridos. Um exemplo é o método grafting, que consiste na reação de superfície entre argila e a matriz polimérica. Para tornar compatível a fase orgânica (polímero) e a fase inorgânica (argila) é necessário um agente funcionalizante, no caso, foi usado o TMSM (trimetoxisilil propil metacrilato) ligado a argila por reações com os grupos silanóis/Si-OH. O objetivo é aprimorar a síntese de materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos utilizando o método grafting, sendo a fase orgânica o polímero termoplástico poli(metil metacrilato) (PMMA) e a fase inorgânica será as argilas derivadas da montmorilonita (Cloisite® 15A e Cloisite® 93A) já previamente funcionalizadas com TMSM. A comparação do conjunto de nanocompósitos permitiu analisar a evolução das propriedades térmicas, em como as baixas quantidades de argila em escala nanométrica presentes na matriz polimérica pode influenciar na estabilidade térmica do PMMA. A evolução das propriedades térmicas foi analisada por meio de técnicas experimentais de TG e DSC. Os nanocompósitos foram caracterizados por DRX, FTIR, SAXS, MEV e RMN. O presente trabalho mostrou que há estabilização térmica apenas do TMSM e do percussor argila-TMSM em comparação aos nanocompósitos antes do tratamento térmico. E que com o tratamento térmico dos nanocompósitos há uma maior estabilização em relação ao polímero, onde a argila funciona como uma barreira de difusão dos gases formados na reação de decomposição do polímero. Os dados de caracterização mostram que a funcionalização ocorreu de maneira eficaz. Uma análise das propriedades ópticas e elétricas da argila montmorilonita foi feita por cálculos teóricos baseado na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT). Os resultados mostraram a influência do Fe2+ no band gap do material e consequentemente uma menor tendência isolante da argila.
The challenge of the production and application of polymer nanocomposites has been receiving great scientific attention due to its multifunctional character. The organic-inorganic hybrid materials have distinct properties that are not limited to the sum of the properties of their components separately, but derive from a synergism between the phases at the molecular level. As an aspect of the study of these materials, the surface modification of clay minerals has become a way to improve or create new properties in hybrid materials. An example is the grafting method, which consists of the surface reaction between clay and the polymer matrix. In order to make the organic phase (polymer) and the inorganic phase (clay) compatible, a functionalizing agent is required; in this case, the TMSM (trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate) bound to clay was used by reactions with the silanols / Si-OH groups. The aim is to improve the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials using the grafting method, the organic phase being the thermoplastic polymer poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the inorganic phase will be clays derived from montmorillonite (Cloisite® 15A and Cloisite® 93A) previously functionalized with TMSM. The comparison of the number of nanocomposites allowed to analyze the evolution of the thermal properties, such as low amounts of clay at the nanoscale present in the polymer matrix can influence the thermal stability of PMMA. The evolution of the thermal properties were analyzed by TGA and DSC experimental techniques. The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SAXS, SEM and NMR. The present work showed that there is only thermal stabilization of the TMSM and the clay-TMSM precursor in comparison to the nanocomposites before the heat treatment. And after the heat treatment of the nanocomposites there is a greater stability in relation to the polymer, in which the clay acts as a diffusion barrier gas formed in the decomposition reaction of the polymer. The characterization data show that functionalization occurred effectively. An analysis of the optical and electrical properties of montmorillonite clay was made by theoretical calculations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results showed the influence of Fe2+ on the band gap of the material and consequently a lower insulating tendency of the clay.
The challenge of the production and application of polymer nanocomposites has been receiving great scientific attention due to its multifunctional character. The organic-inorganic hybrid materials have distinct properties that are not limited to the sum of the properties of their components separately, but derive from a synergism between the phases at the molecular level. As an aspect of the study of these materials, the surface modification of clay minerals has become a way to improve or create new properties in hybrid materials. An example is the grafting method, which consists of the surface reaction between clay and the polymer matrix. In order to make the organic phase (polymer) and the inorganic phase (clay) compatible, a functionalizing agent is required; in this case, the TMSM (trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate) bound to clay was used by reactions with the silanols / Si-OH groups. The aim is to improve the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid materials using the grafting method, the organic phase being the thermoplastic polymer poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the inorganic phase will be clays derived from montmorillonite (Cloisite® 15A and Cloisite® 93A) previously functionalized with TMSM. The comparison of the number of nanocomposites allowed to analyze the evolution of the thermal properties, such as low amounts of clay at the nanoscale present in the polymer matrix can influence the thermal stability of PMMA. The evolution of the thermal properties were analyzed by TGA and DSC experimental techniques. The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SAXS, SEM and NMR. The present work showed that there is only thermal stabilization of the TMSM and the clay-TMSM precursor in comparison to the nanocomposites before the heat treatment. And after the heat treatment of the nanocomposites there is a greater stability in relation to the polymer, in which the clay acts as a diffusion barrier gas formed in the decomposition reaction of the polymer. The characterization data show that functionalization occurred effectively. An analysis of the optical and electrical properties of montmorillonite clay was made by theoretical calculations based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results showed the influence of Fe2+ on the band gap of the material and consequently a lower insulating tendency of the clay.
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Palavras-chave
Híbrido orgânico-inorgânico, PMMA, Montmorilonita, Grafting e DFT, Organic-inorganic hybrid, Montmorillonite