Trabalho infantil: significados e ações na atenção primária à saúde no município de Bauru/SP
Data
2017-02-22
Autores
Marciano, Silmara [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A situação de trabalho infantil é ainda alarmante em pleno século XXI, apesar de todos os avanços sociais e tecnológicos mundiais. Segundo a Organização Internacional do Trabalho, em 2014 havia no mundo cerca de 168 milhões de pessoas com idade entre 5 e 17 anos em situação de trabalho. No Brasil, em particular, esta questão segue sendo alvo de políticas públicas de enfrentamento do problema, visto que 3,3 milhões de crianças e adolescentes no país, com idade entre 5 e 17 anos, continuam sujeitas ao trabalho infantil, apesar de tratar-se de violação de direito reconhecido constitucionalmente. O trabalho precoce traz muitos prejuízos à vida dos sujeitos e de suas famílias, incluindo-se a saúde, a qual será afetada principalmente por estar o indivíduo em fase da vida que requer proteção para garantias do pleno desenvolvimento. No município de Bauru não se tem informações que elucidem este fenômeno na atuação dos profissionais da saúde e conhecê-lo poderá contribuir no desenvolvimento de ações necessárias para transformar a cruel realidade. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender os significados atribuídos e a atuação em relação ao Trabalho Infantil de profissionais da Atenção Primária em Saúde no município de Bauru-SP. Trata-se de estudo de caso qualitativo. Os resultados demonstram que os entrevistados partilham da concepção arraigada culturalmente em nossa sociedade, que relaciona o trabalho precoce com aprendizado pregresso para a vida adulta para crianças pobres. Os entrevistados compreendem o Trabalho Infantil como importante objeto da Saúde, reconhecendo que tem responsabilidade sobre este fenômeno, porém ainda apresentam ações incipientes. A necessidade de capacitação e direcionamento técnico aos profissionais é um fator a ser considerado como primordial para compreensão e atuação efetiva dos mesmos nas unidades de saúde.
The child labor situation is still alarming in the 21st century, despite all the world's social and technological advances. According to the International Labor Organization, there were, in 2014, around 168 million people aged between 5 and 17 years old in work situation. Specially in Brazil, this issue continues being the target of the public policies for addressing problems, once 3.3 million children and adolescents in the country, aged between 5 and 17, continue to be subject to child labor, although it is considered a violation of constitutional rights. Early work brings many damages to the lives of the individual and their families, including health, which will be affected mainly by being at the stage of life that requires protection in order to guarantee the full development of the subject. In the city of Bauru, there is no information that elucidates this phenomenon in the health professionals' performance, and to know it can contribute to the development of actions necessary to transform this cruel reality. In this sense, the objective of this research is to understand the meanings attributed, and the performance of the primary health care professionals in relation to Child Labor, in the City of Bauru-SP. This is a qualitative case study. The results demonstrate that respondents share the culturally rooted conception in our society that relates early work with early adult learning for poor children. They also understand Child Labor as an important object of Health, recognizing that it has repercussions on it, but still present incipient actions. The need for training and technical guidance for the professionals is a factor to be considered as essential for their understanding and effective performance in health units.
The child labor situation is still alarming in the 21st century, despite all the world's social and technological advances. According to the International Labor Organization, there were, in 2014, around 168 million people aged between 5 and 17 years old in work situation. Specially in Brazil, this issue continues being the target of the public policies for addressing problems, once 3.3 million children and adolescents in the country, aged between 5 and 17, continue to be subject to child labor, although it is considered a violation of constitutional rights. Early work brings many damages to the lives of the individual and their families, including health, which will be affected mainly by being at the stage of life that requires protection in order to guarantee the full development of the subject. In the city of Bauru, there is no information that elucidates this phenomenon in the health professionals' performance, and to know it can contribute to the development of actions necessary to transform this cruel reality. In this sense, the objective of this research is to understand the meanings attributed, and the performance of the primary health care professionals in relation to Child Labor, in the City of Bauru-SP. This is a qualitative case study. The results demonstrate that respondents share the culturally rooted conception in our society that relates early work with early adult learning for poor children. They also understand Child Labor as an important object of Health, recognizing that it has repercussions on it, but still present incipient actions. The need for training and technical guidance for the professionals is a factor to be considered as essential for their understanding and effective performance in health units.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Trabalho infantil, Atenção primaria à saúde, Trabalho precoce, Profissionais da saúde, Saúde do trabalhador, Child labor, Primary health care, Early work, Health professionals, Worker's health