Policultivo de tambaqui e camarão-da-amazônia: características limnológicas, avaliação do impacto ambiental e tratamento do efluente
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-02-20
Autores
Medeiros, Mateus Vitória [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desenvolvimento sustentável da aquicultura na perspectiva ambiental inclui entre diversos tópicos, a utilização de espécies nativas, o melhor aproveitamento da ração através de sistemas mais eficientes e a redução da poluição via descarte de efluentes. Este estudo foi dividido em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foram avaliadas as características limnológicas de quatro sistemas de cultivo em viveiros escavados, dois policultivos e dois monocultivos. As espécies utilizadas são nativas da fauna brasileira, o tambaqui Colossoma macropomum e camarão-da-amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum. Na segunda etapa, o efluente final originado dos viveiros (etapa anterior) foi tratado com duas macrófitas flutuantes Eichhornia crassipes e Lemna minor por sete dias. Na última etapa, foram determinados os impactos ambientais da primeira etapa através da metodologia da análise do ciclo de vida (ACV). A eutrofização da água, na primeira etapa, apresentou valores semelhantes nos quatros sistemas testados. Os sistemas de tratamentos de efluentes foram eficientes na redução da concentração dos nutrientes para ambas macrófitas, com resultados satisfatórios no período de 48 horas. Já os resultados da ACV mostraram diferenças entre os quatros sistemas testados (na primeira etapa), no qual um dos sistemas de policultivo apresentou melhores resultados seguido pelo monocultivo de C. macropomum. O presente estudo demonstrou que soluções simples e sem necessidade de tecnologias modernas e de alto custo, como a utilização de policultivo e de tratamento de efluente podem reduzir os impactos da aquicultura brasileira.
The sustainable development of aquaculture in the environmental viewpoint includes within many topics the use of native species, better use of the feed through more efficient rearing systems and reduction in pollution by discharged effluents. This study is divided in three stages. In the first stage, we analyzed the limnological characteristics in four rearing systems in earthen ponds, two polycultures and two monocultures. The species used are native from Brazil, the tambaqui fish Colossoma macropomum and the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum. In the second stage, the final portion of the pond effluent (previous stage) was treated using two floating macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes e Lemna minor for seven days. In the last stage, we evaluated the environmental impacts through the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The water eutrophication, in the first stage, showed similar development in the four tested systems. The effluent treatment systems were efficient in reducing the nutrient concentration for both macrophytes, reaching satisfactory results within 48 hours. The LCA results showed differences among the four tested systems (in the first stage), in which one of the polyculture systems had the best performance followed by the monoculture of C. macropomum. This study demonstrates that simple solutions, without modern and expensive technologies, such as adding more species to monoculture system and an effluent treatment can reduce the impacts of the Brazilian aquaculture.
The sustainable development of aquaculture in the environmental viewpoint includes within many topics the use of native species, better use of the feed through more efficient rearing systems and reduction in pollution by discharged effluents. This study is divided in three stages. In the first stage, we analyzed the limnological characteristics in four rearing systems in earthen ponds, two polycultures and two monocultures. The species used are native from Brazil, the tambaqui fish Colossoma macropomum and the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum. In the second stage, the final portion of the pond effluent (previous stage) was treated using two floating macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes e Lemna minor for seven days. In the last stage, we evaluated the environmental impacts through the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The water eutrophication, in the first stage, showed similar development in the four tested systems. The effluent treatment systems were efficient in reducing the nutrient concentration for both macrophytes, reaching satisfactory results within 48 hours. The LCA results showed differences among the four tested systems (in the first stage), in which one of the polyculture systems had the best performance followed by the monoculture of C. macropomum. This study demonstrates that simple solutions, without modern and expensive technologies, such as adding more species to monoculture system and an effluent treatment can reduce the impacts of the Brazilian aquaculture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Colossoma macropomum, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Lemna minor, Eichhornia crassipes, Análise do ciclo de vida