Variáveis que influenciam a estabilidade da alvura de polpas branqueadas em sequências ECF
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Data
2017-02-21
Autores
Camargo, Sâmique Kyene de Carvalho Araújo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O branqueamento objetiva a remoção de compostos que dão cor à polpa: lignina, extrativos, grupos carbonilas e carboxilas, complexo lignina carboidrato (LCC’s) e metais, para atingir a alvura mínima de 90± 0,5% ISO, exigida para comercialização da polpa e esta deve se manter estável em todo processo que compreende o transporte, manuseio e armazenamento, até o consumidor final. A utilização de diferentes reagentes de branqueamento efetiva a melhor eficiência na remoção destes compostos e, consequentemente, melhoram a estabilidade da alvura. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito das diferentes sequências de branqueamento na remoção dos grupos cromóforos, especialmente dos grupos carbonilas, minimizando assim a reversão de alvura. Para isso utilizou-se a espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Também foi avaliado o efeito do pH nos estágios finais de branqueamento na estabilidade da alvura. Os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Celulose da Unesp de Itapeva, onde foi efetuado o branqueamento das polpas de celulose deslignificada com oxigênio em sacos de polietileno, e para controle da temperatura utilizou-se o banho termostatizado. As sequências de branqueamento estudadas foram: D0(E+P)D1D2, AHTD0(E+P)D1D2, AHTD0(E+P)D1P, AHTD0(PO)D1, e AHTD0(PO), após o branqueamento foram efetuadas as análises de alvura, viscosidade e reversão de alvura. O efeito do pH na estabilidade da alvura pôde ser observado variando o pH do estágio final na faixa de 3 a 10 e efetuando a reversão induzida. A análise por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho comprova a eficiência dos reagentes na remoção dos grupos carbonilas, pois com a utilização do peróxido de hidrogênio nos estágios P final e PO houve diminuição da intensidade da banda de absorção na região do infravermelho destes grupos. Pôde-se observar com este estudo que a hidrólise ácida melhorou a alvura e sua estabilidade, e proporcionou uma economia na quantidade de reagente como cloro. A substituição do estágio final com dióxido de cloro por peróxido de hidrogênio proporcionou uma maior alvura, menor reversão de alvura e consumo de reagente como cloro, no entanto, ocasionou queda na viscosidade. A utilização de peróxido de hidrogênio pressurizado com oxigênio trouxe melhor resultado de reversão de alvura, mas menor viscosidade, tanto no estágio final, como intermediário. Neste último, houve economia na quantidade de reagente como cloro utilizado.
The bleaching process aims at the removal of compounds that give color to the pulp: lignin, extractives, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, lignin carbohydrate complex (LCC's) and metals, in order to reach the minimum whiteness of 90 ± 0.5% ISO, required for the commercialization of pulp And it must remain stable throughout the process, including transportation, handling and storage, to the final consumer. The use of different effective bleaching reagents gives better efficiency in the removal of these compounds and, consequently, enhances the brightness stability. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the different bleaching sequences on the removal of the chromophore groups, especially the carbonyl groups, thus minimizing the reversal of whiteness. And, for that, spectroscopy was used in the infrared region. The effect of pH in the final stages of bleaching on brightness stability was also evaluated. The experiments were carried out at the Pulp Laboratory of Unesp de Itapeva, where the pulps of cellulose pulp were delignified with oxygen in polyethylene bags and the thermostated bath was used to control the temperature. The bleaching sequences studied were D0(E+P)D1D2, AHTD0(E+P)D1D2, AHTD0(E+P)D1P, AHTD0(PO)D1, and AHTD0(PO). After bleaching, of whiteness, viscosity and reversal of whiteness. The effect of pH on the brightness stability could be observed by varying the pH of the final stage in the range of 3 to 10 and effecting the induced reversal. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy proves the efficiency of the reagents in the removal of carbonyl groups, because with the use of hydrogen peroxide in the final stages P and PO there was a decrease in the intensity of the absorption band in the infrared region of these groups. It could be seen from this study that acid hydrolysis improved the brightness and stability, and provided savings in the amount of reactant as chlorine. The substitution of the final stage with chlorine dioxide by hydrogen peroxide provided a greater brightness, less reversion of brightness and consumption of reagent as chlorine, however, caused a drop in viscosity. The use of pressurized hydrogen peroxide with oxygen brought better blast reversion results, but lower viscosity, both in the final and intermediate stages. In the latter, there was savings in the amount of reagent such as chlorine used.
The bleaching process aims at the removal of compounds that give color to the pulp: lignin, extractives, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, lignin carbohydrate complex (LCC's) and metals, in order to reach the minimum whiteness of 90 ± 0.5% ISO, required for the commercialization of pulp And it must remain stable throughout the process, including transportation, handling and storage, to the final consumer. The use of different effective bleaching reagents gives better efficiency in the removal of these compounds and, consequently, enhances the brightness stability. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of the different bleaching sequences on the removal of the chromophore groups, especially the carbonyl groups, thus minimizing the reversal of whiteness. And, for that, spectroscopy was used in the infrared region. The effect of pH in the final stages of bleaching on brightness stability was also evaluated. The experiments were carried out at the Pulp Laboratory of Unesp de Itapeva, where the pulps of cellulose pulp were delignified with oxygen in polyethylene bags and the thermostated bath was used to control the temperature. The bleaching sequences studied were D0(E+P)D1D2, AHTD0(E+P)D1D2, AHTD0(E+P)D1P, AHTD0(PO)D1, and AHTD0(PO). After bleaching, of whiteness, viscosity and reversal of whiteness. The effect of pH on the brightness stability could be observed by varying the pH of the final stage in the range of 3 to 10 and effecting the induced reversal. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy proves the efficiency of the reagents in the removal of carbonyl groups, because with the use of hydrogen peroxide in the final stages P and PO there was a decrease in the intensity of the absorption band in the infrared region of these groups. It could be seen from this study that acid hydrolysis improved the brightness and stability, and provided savings in the amount of reactant as chlorine. The substitution of the final stage with chlorine dioxide by hydrogen peroxide provided a greater brightness, less reversion of brightness and consumption of reagent as chlorine, however, caused a drop in viscosity. The use of pressurized hydrogen peroxide with oxygen brought better blast reversion results, but lower viscosity, both in the final and intermediate stages. In the latter, there was savings in the amount of reagent such as chlorine used.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Grupos cromóforos, Infravermelho, pH