Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a educação infantil em contexto de uso de sistemas privados de ensino: a análise de concepções de professoras de pré-escolas
Carregando...
Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Souza, Tatiana Noronha de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar as concepções das professoras de pré-escolas sobre o cumprimento das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil - DCNEIs na prática educativa, em um contexto de uso de um Sistema Privado de Ensino –SPE. Tem como objetivos específicos (1) analisar o SPE adotado, em confronto com as DCNEIs; (2) analisar a compreensão de professores sobre as DCNEIs e sobre o SPE, frente às práticas educacionais realizadas nas instituições. Para a pesquisa de campo, foram aplicados questionários junto a 53 professores que atuam em pré-escolas, em um município do interior de São Paulo. O resultado da análise do SPE mostrou que o mesmo está em desacordo com as DCNEIs, assim como frente aos pressupostos teóricos e pesquisas da área, tais como: (a) retirada da autonomia dos professores e da escola para construir o currículo, a partir da realidade vivenciada pela escola e pelas crianças; (b) as atividades propostas não possuem conexão com a realidade infantil, não consideram os conhecimentos que já trazem, nem os diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento, além de não trabalharem as diferentes linguagens infantis, como estabelecido pelas DCNEIs. Há uma presença marcante de um currículo semelhante ao do ensino fundamental, com foco nas atividades de escrita, identificação de letras e números e exercícios de coordenação motora. Com relação à aplicação dos questionários, os resultados apontam que 18 dos profissionais não conhecem as DCNEIs, e 37 disseram que não conheciam o Projeto Pedagógico-PP, 44 alegaram não ter participado da construção do PP institucional e 34 não sabiam quais eram os responsáveis pela sua construção. Sobre o uso do SPE, 39 disseram que os autores não possuem clareza sobre as diferenças das realidades em que vivem as crianças de diferentes contextos socioeconômicos, já que algumas atividades propostas são descontextualizadas, e mais da metade dos participantes diz ser necessário completá-las. Perguntados sobre a possibilidade de retirada do SPE, 28 disseram preferir a permanência do mesmo, e no caso de ausência do SPE 46 alegaram que produziriam materiais, com predomínio de atividades acadêmicas, em papel, com foco na alfabetização. Esses dados nos sugerem que, apesar de apresentarem algumas críticas, grande parte do grupo parece concordar com os principais fundamentos do material: alfabetizar, treinar a coordenação motora, ler e contar. Não há queixa sobre a fragmentação das atividades, e poucos mencionam o trabalho com as linguagens expressivas. Conclui-se que os participantes possuem uma visão de currículo para a infância já superada pela legislação e pelo conhecimento acumulado da área, o que sugere que nem o curso de Pedagogia, nem a formação continuada foram capazes de realizar uma atualização do conhecimento profissional. Essa característica da formação profissional apresentada pelo grupo não permite que façam grandes questionamentos sobre o material, nem apontem suas fragilidades, quando confrontado com a legislação e pesquisas na área. O SPE analisado implica em um alto investimento de recursos públicos que não reverte em qualidade para a educação, na medida em que reforça práticas educativas ultrapassadas e não promove o desenvolvimento integral das crianças.
The current study has as general objective the analyzing of the thinking of pre-school teachers about compliance to the National Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (DCNEI - Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil) in their educational practice, in the context of using a Private Educational System (SPE – Sistema Privado de Ensino). Its specific objectives are (1) to analyze the adapted SPE in dealing with the DCNEI; (2) to analyze the teachers' understanding of the DCNEI and the SPE, in terms of the educational practices carried out in the institutions. For the field study, questionnaires were filled-out by 53 teachers who work in pre-schools in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. The result of the SPE analysis showed that it is in disagreement with the DCNEI, as well as with the theoretical assumptions and research in the area, such as: (a) removing the autonomy of teachers and the school to create the curriculum, based on the reality as experienced by the school and the children; (b) the proposed activities have no connection to the child's reality, they don’t consider the knowledge they already have obtained, nor the different levels of development, besides not working with the children's different languages, as established by the DCNEI. There is a conspicuous presence of a curriculum similar to that of primary school, focusing on the activities of writing, identifying letters and numbers, and motor skills exercises. Regarding the answering of the questionnaires, the results indicate that 18 of the professionals do not know the DCNEI, and 37 said that they did not know the Pedagogical Project -PP, 44 state not to have participated in the construction of the institutional PP and 34 that they did not know who were responsible for the its construction. Regarding the use of SPE, 39 said that the authors don’t have any insight about the differences in the realities in which children from different socioeconomic contexts live, because some of the proposed activities are decontextualized, and more than half of participants said they need to be completed. Being asked about the possibility of removing the SPE 28 said they prefer that it stays in place, and in case of absence of the SPE 46 stated that they would produce materials, predominantly academic activities, on paper, focusing on literacy. This data suggest that, despite raising some objectives, much of the group seems to agree with the main fundamentals of the material: to teach literacy, to train the motor skills, to teach reading and counting. There were no complaints about the fragmentation of activities and a few mentioned working with expressive languages. It is concluded that the participants see the curriculum for the early childhood as already overruled by legislation and by accumulated knowledge in the area, which suggests that neither the course in Pedagogy nor the continued education were capable of updating the professional knowledge. This characteristic of the professional education presented by the group doesn’t allow them to questions the material in a profound manner, nor does it point out its weaknesses when confronted with legislation and research in the area. The SPE analyzed implies a high investment of public resources that does not translate into better quality education, while it reinforces outdated educational practices and does not improve the overall development of children.
The current study has as general objective the analyzing of the thinking of pre-school teachers about compliance to the National Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (DCNEI - Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil) in their educational practice, in the context of using a Private Educational System (SPE – Sistema Privado de Ensino). Its specific objectives are (1) to analyze the adapted SPE in dealing with the DCNEI; (2) to analyze the teachers' understanding of the DCNEI and the SPE, in terms of the educational practices carried out in the institutions. For the field study, questionnaires were filled-out by 53 teachers who work in pre-schools in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. The result of the SPE analysis showed that it is in disagreement with the DCNEI, as well as with the theoretical assumptions and research in the area, such as: (a) removing the autonomy of teachers and the school to create the curriculum, based on the reality as experienced by the school and the children; (b) the proposed activities have no connection to the child's reality, they don’t consider the knowledge they already have obtained, nor the different levels of development, besides not working with the children's different languages, as established by the DCNEI. There is a conspicuous presence of a curriculum similar to that of primary school, focusing on the activities of writing, identifying letters and numbers, and motor skills exercises. Regarding the answering of the questionnaires, the results indicate that 18 of the professionals do not know the DCNEI, and 37 said that they did not know the Pedagogical Project -PP, 44 state not to have participated in the construction of the institutional PP and 34 that they did not know who were responsible for the its construction. Regarding the use of SPE, 39 said that the authors don’t have any insight about the differences in the realities in which children from different socioeconomic contexts live, because some of the proposed activities are decontextualized, and more than half of participants said they need to be completed. Being asked about the possibility of removing the SPE 28 said they prefer that it stays in place, and in case of absence of the SPE 46 stated that they would produce materials, predominantly academic activities, on paper, focusing on literacy. This data suggest that, despite raising some objectives, much of the group seems to agree with the main fundamentals of the material: to teach literacy, to train the motor skills, to teach reading and counting. There were no complaints about the fragmentation of activities and a few mentioned working with expressive languages. It is concluded that the participants see the curriculum for the early childhood as already overruled by legislation and by accumulated knowledge in the area, which suggests that neither the course in Pedagogy nor the continued education were capable of updating the professional knowledge. This characteristic of the professional education presented by the group doesn’t allow them to questions the material in a profound manner, nor does it point out its weaknesses when confronted with legislation and research in the area. The SPE analyzed implies a high investment of public resources that does not translate into better quality education, while it reinforces outdated educational practices and does not improve the overall development of children.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação infantil, Pré-escola, Formação de professores, Sistemas privados de ensino, Early childhood education, Pre-school, Education of teachers, Private educational systems