Nutrição de ovelhas em gestação e repercussão na produção de cordeiros: programação fetal
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2017-03-07
Autores
Andrade, Nomaiací de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram utilizadas cinquenta ovelhas Ile de France submetidas à programação fetal, que consistiu no fornecimento de dietas com dois níveis de energia, uma dieta controle para atender as exigências nutricionais do terço final de gestação (D0), e outra acrescida em 20% das exigências de energia para a categoria (D20). Avaliou-se a influência nutricional no escore de condição corporal, peso corporal, espessura de gordura e perfil metabólico das ovelhas, no momento do parto e aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias de lactação, assim como a repercussão nos cordeiros, tais como desempenho, características quantitativas da carcaça e de seus não-componentes, qualitativas da carne e na morfometria dos componentes gastrintestinais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e 20 repetições (experimento com as ovelhas) e dois tratamentos e 10 repetições (experimento com os cordeiros), nível de significância de 5% e auxiliado pelo programa do SAS (versão 9.2). Nas comparações entre dietas e as variáveis respostas das ovelhas utilizou-se contrastes ortogonais polinomiais (1º, 2º, 3º e 4º grau). As médias das características corporais das ovelhas foram semelhantes (P>0,05), com decréscimo gradual ao longo dos 60 dias de lactação, para peso corporal, escore condição corporal e espessura de gordura. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) nos valores médios de glicose, triglicerídeos e betahidroxibutirato, no decorrer dos 30 dias após o parto. O acréscimo em 20% das exigências energéticas para o terço final de gestação na dieta das ovelhas possibilitou melhor estabilidade nos níveis séricos destes animais. O desempenho dos cordeiros não diferiu (P>0,05) em função das dietas de suas mães, com médias semelhantes para ganho médio diário de peso (0,272 kg para D0 e 0,237 kg para D20), dias de confinamento (55 para D0 e 53 para D20 e conversão alimentar (4,04 para D0 e 4,30 para D20). As médias das características quantitativas das carcaças dos cordeiros filhos de ovelhas alimentadas com dieta acrescida, ou não, em 20% das exigências energéticas foram semelhantes (P>0,05). O consumo de nutrientes dos cordeiros das ovelhas que receberam dietas D0 e D20 foram similares (P>0,05), de 1,10 kg e 1,02 kg de matéria seca, respectivamente. A morfometria dos componentes do intestino delgado dos cordeiros foi semelhante (P>0,05), com médias de 25,7 m de comprimento e 1,2 mm de espessura, assim como não diferiram entre as alturas das papilas dos componentes gástricos e das vilosidades dos componentes do intestino delgado, sendo de 160 μ no rúmen, 97,47 μ no retículo, 76,48 μ no omaso, 87,86 μ no abomaso, 88,29 μ no duodeno, 18,43 no jejuno e 19,93 μ no íleo. A programação fetal influenciou positivamente os níveis séricos e escore corporal das ovelhas no pós-parto, sem repercussão no desempenho, nas características quantiqualitativas das carcaças e carnes dos cordeiros.
Fifty Ile de France ewes were subjected to fetal programming, which consisted of feeding them diets with two levels of energy: one control diet formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of the last third of gestation (D0) and another with an additional 20% of the energy requirements of the category (D20). We evaluated the nutritional influence on the body condition score, body weight, fat thickness, and metabolic profile of ewes at calving and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days in milk, as well as the impacts on their lambs; e.g., performance, quantitative traits of carcass and of noncarcass components, qualitative traits of their meat, and morphometry of their gastrointestinal components. A completely randomized design with two treatments and 20 replicates (experiment with the ewes) and two treatments and 10 replicates (experiment with the lambs) was adopted at a significance level of 5%, with analyses run in SAS software (version 9.2). Orthogonal polynomial contrasts (1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-degree) were used in the comparison between diets and the response variables of the ewes. Mean values for the body traits of the ewes were similar (P>0.05), decreasing gradually along the 60 days in milk for body weight, body condition score, and fat thickness. A quadratic effect was observed (P<0.05) for mean glucose, triglycerides, and beta-hydroxybutyrate values over the 30 days after calving. The additional 20% of the energy required for the last third of gestation in the ewe diets provided greater stability in the serum levels of these animals. Their lambs’ performance did not differ (P>0.05) with the different diets fed to their mothers; similar means were obtained for average daily weight gain (D0 - 0.272 kg; D20 - 0.237 kg), days in feedlot (D0 - 55; D20 - 53), and feed conversion (D0 - 4.04; D20 -4.30). Mean values for the quantitative traits of the carcasses of lambs born from ewes fed the diets with and without the 20% extra energy were similar (P>0.05). Lambs born from ewes fed diets D0 and D20 had a similar nutrient intake (P>0.05), consuming 1.10 kg and 1.02 kg dry matter, respectively. The morphometry of the small-intestine components of the lambs was similar (P>0.05), with mean length and thickness values of 25.7 m and 1.2 mm, respectively. The height of the papillae of gastric components and smallintestine villus components also did not differ ― 160 µ in the rumen, 97.47 µ in the reticulum, 76,48 µ in the omasum, 87.86 µ in the abomasum, 88.29 µ in the duodenum, 18,43 in the jejunum, and 19.93 µ in the ileum. Fetal programming positively affected the serum levels and body condition score of the ewes post-calving, but did not influence the performance or quantitative/qualitative traits of the carcasses and meat of their lambs.
Fifty Ile de France ewes were subjected to fetal programming, which consisted of feeding them diets with two levels of energy: one control diet formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of the last third of gestation (D0) and another with an additional 20% of the energy requirements of the category (D20). We evaluated the nutritional influence on the body condition score, body weight, fat thickness, and metabolic profile of ewes at calving and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days in milk, as well as the impacts on their lambs; e.g., performance, quantitative traits of carcass and of noncarcass components, qualitative traits of their meat, and morphometry of their gastrointestinal components. A completely randomized design with two treatments and 20 replicates (experiment with the ewes) and two treatments and 10 replicates (experiment with the lambs) was adopted at a significance level of 5%, with analyses run in SAS software (version 9.2). Orthogonal polynomial contrasts (1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-degree) were used in the comparison between diets and the response variables of the ewes. Mean values for the body traits of the ewes were similar (P>0.05), decreasing gradually along the 60 days in milk for body weight, body condition score, and fat thickness. A quadratic effect was observed (P<0.05) for mean glucose, triglycerides, and beta-hydroxybutyrate values over the 30 days after calving. The additional 20% of the energy required for the last third of gestation in the ewe diets provided greater stability in the serum levels of these animals. Their lambs’ performance did not differ (P>0.05) with the different diets fed to their mothers; similar means were obtained for average daily weight gain (D0 - 0.272 kg; D20 - 0.237 kg), days in feedlot (D0 - 55; D20 - 53), and feed conversion (D0 - 4.04; D20 -4.30). Mean values for the quantitative traits of the carcasses of lambs born from ewes fed the diets with and without the 20% extra energy were similar (P>0.05). Lambs born from ewes fed diets D0 and D20 had a similar nutrient intake (P>0.05), consuming 1.10 kg and 1.02 kg dry matter, respectively. The morphometry of the small-intestine components of the lambs was similar (P>0.05), with mean length and thickness values of 25.7 m and 1.2 mm, respectively. The height of the papillae of gastric components and smallintestine villus components also did not differ ― 160 µ in the rumen, 97.47 µ in the reticulum, 76,48 µ in the omasum, 87.86 µ in the abomasum, 88.29 µ in the duodenum, 18,43 in the jejunum, and 19.93 µ in the ileum. Fetal programming positively affected the serum levels and body condition score of the ewes post-calving, but did not influence the performance or quantitative/qualitative traits of the carcasses and meat of their lambs.
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Palavras-chave
Composição tecidual, Metabólito sanguíneo, Vilosidade