O contrabaixo orquestral de Villa-Lobos: contextualização,idiomatismo e seleção de excertos
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Data
2017-03-27
Autores
Rosa, Alexandre Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O contexto e as especificidades do tratamento do contrabaixo nas obras orquestrais de Heitor Villa-Lobos são o objeto principal da investigação aqui apresentada. O estudo tem por objetivo geral discutir a abordagem idiomática empregada pelo compositor na escrita das partituras do contrabaixo na grade orquestral, para, a partir daí, propor a tese de que tais excertos possam ter relevância considerável para o estudo técnico-musical do instrumentista, no que se defende a pertinência de sua adoção por intérpretes, professores e estudantes de contrabaixo. A metodologia de pesquisa inclui extensa revisão de literatura, com visita a autores do século 18 aos dias atuais, seguida de identificação de equivalências idiomáticas no repertório orquestral tradicional, contextualização das influências na escrita para o contrabaixo de Villa-Lobos e concluindo, por fim, com a proposição de uma seleção de excertos para a prática pedagógica. A tese é desenvolvida em três capítulos centrais. O primeiro trata da revisão de literatura sobre estudos de excertos orquestrais para contrabaixo e traça um panorama atual de sua aplicação em instituições locais, pondo em discussão, particularmente, a escassez desses materiais no âmbito da produção orquestral brasileira. O segundo capítulo aborda as influências na escritura das linhas de contrabaixo de Villa-Lobos, com descrição de aspectos idiomáticos na escrita do compositor para o contrabaixo em obras orquestrais, ilustrados com exemplos musicais de sua linguagem composicional extraídos mais extensamente da integral de suas Sinfonias e de dois títulos seus em específico, o Choros nº 10 e a Bachianas nº 9. O terceiro capítulo apresenta uma seleção de excertos das obras destacadas, com ênfase em passagens relevantes para o estudo técnico e musical do instrumentista aqui organizadas por tipo de idiomatismo, quando também se expõem os critérios utilizados para a seleção dos excertos. A análise musical dos materiais demonstra que Villa-Lobos construiu uma escrita elaborada e idiomática para o contrabaixo, conferindo ao instrumento um tratamento de franco respeito à sua natureza grave, ao seu potencial melódico e à sua função de apoio rítmico e harmônico. Conclui-se que, além de propor novas sonoridades para o instrumento, as partituras de contrabaixo de Villa-Lobos constituem um material fundamental de estudo, coleção essa que merece figurar nas listas de excertos orquestrais destinados à preparação e profissionalização do contrabaixista, sobretudo no Brasil.
The context and the specificities of the Villa-Lobos’ treatment to the double bass in his orchestral works are the main object of the investigation hereby presented. The main goal is to discuss the idiomatic approach to the double bass on Villa-Lobos’ orchestral works as a way to present the thesis that the excerpts of such orchestral works are relevant to the technique musical study of the performer, as well as localizing and indicating its pertinence to double bass performers, professors and students. The methodology chosen was the review of the literature followed by an identification of idiomatic equivalences from the traditional orchestral repertoire, the contextualization of Villa-Lobos’ influences on its double bass writing and the selection of excerpts. The thesis is organized in three chapters, besides the introduction, conclusion and appendixes. The first chapter presents the review of the literature on orchestral excerpts for the double bass where today state of the art in Brazilians institutions is presented. The discussion is centered in the lack of material addressed to the studies of Brasilian orchestral works. The second chapter addresses the influences Villa-Lobos received while writing his double bass parts. Here idiomatic aspects of the composers writing for the instrument are described as well as a selection of works that better illustrate such writing and his symphonies, the Choros 10 and the Bachianas 9 are emphasized. The third chapter presents a excerpts selection for the double bass extracted from the works mentioned on chapter two, with emphasis on passages relevant for the technical study of the performer organized by type of idiomatism. The criteria for the selection of excerpts are also presented. At the end of this work it is possible to state that the composer had an elaborated and idiomatic writing for the double bass treating it with respect for its low range nature, its melodic potential, and its function as a rhythmic and harmonic support instrument in Villa-Lobos orchestral works. Villa-Lobos not only proposed new sonorities for the instrument but his bass parts also offer a material that deserves to be included in lists of orchestral excerpts addressed to preparatory studies for the double bassist professionalization, particularly in Brazil.
The context and the specificities of the Villa-Lobos’ treatment to the double bass in his orchestral works are the main object of the investigation hereby presented. The main goal is to discuss the idiomatic approach to the double bass on Villa-Lobos’ orchestral works as a way to present the thesis that the excerpts of such orchestral works are relevant to the technique musical study of the performer, as well as localizing and indicating its pertinence to double bass performers, professors and students. The methodology chosen was the review of the literature followed by an identification of idiomatic equivalences from the traditional orchestral repertoire, the contextualization of Villa-Lobos’ influences on its double bass writing and the selection of excerpts. The thesis is organized in three chapters, besides the introduction, conclusion and appendixes. The first chapter presents the review of the literature on orchestral excerpts for the double bass where today state of the art in Brazilians institutions is presented. The discussion is centered in the lack of material addressed to the studies of Brasilian orchestral works. The second chapter addresses the influences Villa-Lobos received while writing his double bass parts. Here idiomatic aspects of the composers writing for the instrument are described as well as a selection of works that better illustrate such writing and his symphonies, the Choros 10 and the Bachianas 9 are emphasized. The third chapter presents a excerpts selection for the double bass extracted from the works mentioned on chapter two, with emphasis on passages relevant for the technical study of the performer organized by type of idiomatism. The criteria for the selection of excerpts are also presented. At the end of this work it is possible to state that the composer had an elaborated and idiomatic writing for the double bass treating it with respect for its low range nature, its melodic potential, and its function as a rhythmic and harmonic support instrument in Villa-Lobos orchestral works. Villa-Lobos not only proposed new sonorities for the instrument but his bass parts also offer a material that deserves to be included in lists of orchestral excerpts addressed to preparatory studies for the double bassist professionalization, particularly in Brazil.
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Heitor Villa-Lobos, Contrabaixo orquestral, Excertos orquestrais, Idiomatismo musical, Orchestral double bass, Orchestral excerpts studies, Musical idiomatic means