Direitos humanos no Cone Sul (Brasil e Argentina): a herança das ditaduras e a construção do estado democrático de direito na perspectiva do direito penal
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Data
2017-03-20
Autores
Estevão, Roberto da Freiria [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho é fruto de pesquisa relacionada aos períodos das ditaduras e pós-ditaduras no Brasil e na Argentina, com o fim de analisar a movimentação histórica da justiça, especialmente, no Supremo Tribunal Federal e na Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, da Argentina, no que diz respeito aos direitos humanos e fundamentais notadamente na área da execução penal. Os regimes autocráticos e os democráticos sempre propiciam intrigantes questionamentos, pois aqueles, em regra, violam direitos humanos e fundamentais, que deveriam ser respeitados nestes. Porém, nota-se que, no Brasil e na Argentina, durante o período em que ambos estiveram sob ditadura militar, houve nas Cortes Supremas dos dois países decisões que primaram pela efetivação dos direitos humanos e fundamentais dos presos, e, de forma inquietante, na pós-ditadura, há, no STF e na CSJN, posturas retrógradas, de desprestígio a esses direitos. Com a pesquisa, procurou-se entender o porquê dessas movimentações, além de se fazer a apreciação de várias decisões das duas Cortes Supremas em relação aos avanços dos posicionamentos no tocante aos direitos humanos e fundamentais, bem como em matéria de execução penal. No curso dos trabalhos, houve abordagem sobre os regimes políticos e as confusões terminológicas verificadas quanto a esse assunto. Também buscou-se entender as relações existentes entre os regimes políticos e a instituição justiça, com o objetivo de se verificar a influência que nela causam a ditadura e a democracia. E, dos muitos acórdãos do STF e da CSJN levantados, sobreveio a análise dos mais importantes para o fim da pesquisa. Em considerações finais, aponta-se, em especial, que a aproximação entre a justiça e os comandos militares interfere diretamente nas posturas das Cortes Supremas a respeito da garantia dos direitos humanos e fundamentais.
The present work is the result of research related to the periods of dictatorships and postdictatorships in Brazil and Argentina, in order to analyze the historical movement of justice, mainly in the Supreme Federal Court and the Supreme Court of Justice of la Nación, from Argentina , with regard to the human and fundamental rights, notably in the area of criminal enforcement. The Autocratic and democratic regimes always offer intriguing questions, since those, as a rule, violate human and fundamental rights, which should be respected in these ones. However, it is observerd that, in Brazil and Argentina, during the period that prevailed for the realization of the human and fundamental rights of prisoners, and, in a disturbing way, in post-dictatorship, there are in the STF and CSJN retrograde positions, of discrediting these rights. The research sought to understand the reasons for these movements, in addition to assessing various decisions of the two Supreme Courts in relation to advances to the positions on human and fundamental rights, as well as in criminal enforcement issue. In the course of the work there was an approach on the political regimes and the terminological confusions verified on this subject. It also sought to understand the relations between political regimes and the institution of justice, in order to verify the influence of dictatorship and democracy on it. And from the many STF and CSJN judgments raised, the analysis of the most important ones for the end of the research came up. In final considerations, it is pointed out, in particular, that the approximation between justice and military commands interferes directly in the positions of the Supreme Courts regarding the guarantee of human and fundamental rights.
The present work is the result of research related to the periods of dictatorships and postdictatorships in Brazil and Argentina, in order to analyze the historical movement of justice, mainly in the Supreme Federal Court and the Supreme Court of Justice of la Nación, from Argentina , with regard to the human and fundamental rights, notably in the area of criminal enforcement. The Autocratic and democratic regimes always offer intriguing questions, since those, as a rule, violate human and fundamental rights, which should be respected in these ones. However, it is observerd that, in Brazil and Argentina, during the period that prevailed for the realization of the human and fundamental rights of prisoners, and, in a disturbing way, in post-dictatorship, there are in the STF and CSJN retrograde positions, of discrediting these rights. The research sought to understand the reasons for these movements, in addition to assessing various decisions of the two Supreme Courts in relation to advances to the positions on human and fundamental rights, as well as in criminal enforcement issue. In the course of the work there was an approach on the political regimes and the terminological confusions verified on this subject. It also sought to understand the relations between political regimes and the institution of justice, in order to verify the influence of dictatorship and democracy on it. And from the many STF and CSJN judgments raised, the analysis of the most important ones for the end of the research came up. In final considerations, it is pointed out, in particular, that the approximation between justice and military commands interferes directly in the positions of the Supreme Courts regarding the guarantee of human and fundamental rights.
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Direitos humanos e fundamentais, Ditadura e democracia, Supremo Tribunal Federal, Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, da Argentina, Human and fundamental rights, Supreme Federal Court, Supreme Court of Justice of la Nación, from Argentina