Eficiência de equipamentos de proteção individual com certificado de aprovação, contra caldas aquosa e oleosa de malathion usadas em nebulização
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Data
2017-04-19
Autores
Machado, Angela Aparecida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) hidro-repelentes contra agrotóxicos são comercializados legalmente após a emissão do certificado de aprovação (CA). Os EPIs são avaliados inicialmente pelo ensaio de penetração de soluções aquosas. Os trabalhadores estão usando EPIs com CA aprovado com soluções aquosas em nebulização da solução oleosa de malathion diluído em óleo de soja para o controle químico do mosquito da dengue. Portanto, objetiva-se conferir a aprovação de um conjunto de EPI hidro-repelente contra agrotóxicos com certificado de aprovação (CA) para 30 ciclos de higienização; determinar a penetração, a retenção e a repelência das soluções teste e de malathion no material e nas costuras, e a permeação no material impermeável do conjunto de EPIs submetidos a diferentes procedimentos e número de usos e lavagens; validar o procedimento do ensaio de corpo inteiro adaptado para avaliar quantitativamente a penetração de líquido pulverizado; avaliar a eficiência do conjunto de EPI hidro-repelente no controle da exposição dérmica quantitativamente com o procedimento de corpo inteiro ora adaptado; e propor classes de eficácia e classificar o conjunto de EPIs pela eficácia no controle da exposição dérmica avaliada quantitativamente. Em laboratório, os conjuntos de EPIs foram lavados em uma máquina de cilindro horizontal, marca Eletrolux, modelo FOM 71 CLS. Em condições de campo, foram lavados em máquina automática, da marca Colormaq, modelo Turbo, do tipo tanquinho para 10 kg. Os EPI foram lavados por 10, 20 e 30 ciclos antes das avaliações. A solução teste aquosa foi composta com 5 % de glyphosate (Roundup® Original). As soluções de nebulização foram compostas com 5% de malathion em solução aquosa (Konvektor® EW 440) e oleosa (Fyfanon®). Na conferência do CA, o conjunto de EPI é reprovado mesmo sem nenhum ciclo de higienização devido à penetração na costura rebatida dupla maior que 5% (critério de aprovação <5%). No material hidro-repelente e nas costuras dos conjuntos de EPI, após diferentes procedimentos e número de usos e lavagens, a solução aquosa de malathion penetra e retém mais que a solução teste e a solução oleosa menos que as demais, a solução aquosa de malathion repele menos que as demais no material e na costura simples e mais na costura rebatida dupla. A penetração e a retenção das soluções no material e nas costuras aumentam e a repelência diminui com o aumento no número de usos e lavagens. O material impermeável nas pernas da calça é eficiente até 30 usos e lavagens do conjunto de EPI. O método de ensaio adaptado com o manequim é valido para quantificar a penetração de líquido pulverizado. O conjunto de EPI é eficaz para o controle da exposição dérmica sem e após 30 usos e lavagens em condições de campo e lavagens e passado e não passado com ferro quente em condições de laboratório. O uso em nebulização do malathion reduz e as lavagens em laboratório não reduz a eficácia do conjunto de EPI no controle da exposição dérmica. As classes propostas são adequadas para classificar os conjuntos de EPIs pela eficácia no controle da exposição dérmica. O conjunto de EPI se classifica na classe 1 (Efic > 95%).
Personal protective equipments (PPEs) water repellent against pesticides are legally commercialized after the approval certificate (AC) has been issued. PPEs are evaluated initially by the penetration test of aqueous solutions. Workers are using PPEs with AC approved with aqueous solutions in nebulization of the oily solution of malathion diluted in soybean oil for the chemical control of the dengue mosquito. Therefore, it is proposed to check the approval of a water repellent against pesticides set of PPE with a certificate of approval (AC) for 30 cycles of sanitation; to determine the penetration, retention and repellence of the test solutions and malathion in the material and the seams, and permeation in the PPEs set impermeable material which was submitted to different procedures and number of uses and washes; validate the whole body assay procedure adapted to evaluate quantitatively the penetration of sprayed liquid; evaluate the efficiency of the water repellent PPE pool in the control of the dermal exposure quantitatively with the whole body procedure adapted; and to propose efficacy classes and to classify the PPEs set by the effectiveness in the quantitatively evaluated dermal exposure control. In the laboratory, the PPEs sets were washed in a horizontal cylinder machine, Eletrolux brand, FOM 71 CLS model. In field conditions, it was washed in an automatic machine, Colormaq brand, Turbo model, for 10 kg. The PPEs were washed for 10, 20 and 30 cycles before the evaluations. The aqueous test solution was composed by 5% glyphosate (Roundup® Original). The nebulization solutions were composed by 5% malathion in aqueous solution (Konvektor® EW 440) and oily (Fyfanon® ). At the AC conference, the PPE set is disapproved even without any sanitizing cycle due to penetration at double folded seam of greater than 5% (approval criterion <5%). In the water repellent material and in the seams of the PPE set, after different procedures and number of uses and washes, the aqueous solution of malathion penetrates and holds more than the test solution and the oily solution less than the others. The aqueous solution of malathion repels less than the others in the material and in the simple sewing and more in the double folded seam. The penetration and retention of the solutions in the material and in the seams increase and the repellency decreases with the increase in the number of uses and washes. The waterproof material on the pant legs is efficient up to 30 uses and washes the PPE set. The test method adapted with the manikin is valid to quantify the penetration of sprayed liquid. The PPE set is effective to control dermal exposure without and after 30 uses and washes under field conditions, and washes and past and not past with hot iron under laboratory conditions. The nebulizing use of malathion reduces and laboratory washes do not reduce the effectiveness of the PPE set in controlling dermal exposure. The proposed classes are suitable to classify the PPEs sets by their efficiency in the dermal exposure control. The EPI set is classified as class 1 (Efic> 95%).
Personal protective equipments (PPEs) water repellent against pesticides are legally commercialized after the approval certificate (AC) has been issued. PPEs are evaluated initially by the penetration test of aqueous solutions. Workers are using PPEs with AC approved with aqueous solutions in nebulization of the oily solution of malathion diluted in soybean oil for the chemical control of the dengue mosquito. Therefore, it is proposed to check the approval of a water repellent against pesticides set of PPE with a certificate of approval (AC) for 30 cycles of sanitation; to determine the penetration, retention and repellence of the test solutions and malathion in the material and the seams, and permeation in the PPEs set impermeable material which was submitted to different procedures and number of uses and washes; validate the whole body assay procedure adapted to evaluate quantitatively the penetration of sprayed liquid; evaluate the efficiency of the water repellent PPE pool in the control of the dermal exposure quantitatively with the whole body procedure adapted; and to propose efficacy classes and to classify the PPEs set by the effectiveness in the quantitatively evaluated dermal exposure control. In the laboratory, the PPEs sets were washed in a horizontal cylinder machine, Eletrolux brand, FOM 71 CLS model. In field conditions, it was washed in an automatic machine, Colormaq brand, Turbo model, for 10 kg. The PPEs were washed for 10, 20 and 30 cycles before the evaluations. The aqueous test solution was composed by 5% glyphosate (Roundup® Original). The nebulization solutions were composed by 5% malathion in aqueous solution (Konvektor® EW 440) and oily (Fyfanon® ). At the AC conference, the PPE set is disapproved even without any sanitizing cycle due to penetration at double folded seam of greater than 5% (approval criterion <5%). In the water repellent material and in the seams of the PPE set, after different procedures and number of uses and washes, the aqueous solution of malathion penetrates and holds more than the test solution and the oily solution less than the others. The aqueous solution of malathion repels less than the others in the material and in the simple sewing and more in the double folded seam. The penetration and retention of the solutions in the material and in the seams increase and the repellency decreases with the increase in the number of uses and washes. The waterproof material on the pant legs is efficient up to 30 uses and washes the PPE set. The test method adapted with the manikin is valid to quantify the penetration of sprayed liquid. The PPE set is effective to control dermal exposure without and after 30 uses and washes under field conditions, and washes and past and not past with hot iron under laboratory conditions. The nebulizing use of malathion reduces and laboratory washes do not reduce the effectiveness of the PPE set in controlling dermal exposure. The proposed classes are suitable to classify the PPEs sets by their efficiency in the dermal exposure control. The EPI set is classified as class 1 (Efic> 95%).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vestimenta de proteção individual, Malathion, Exposição dérmica, Eficácia, Classificação