Petrologia e aspetos geoquímicos das rochas ácidas do tipo Palmas e Chapecó da Província Magmática do Paraná
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Data
2017-04-28
Autores
Vieira, Nuno Manuel Martinho [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As rochas ácidas da Província Magmática do Paraná (PMP) cobrem cerca de 2,5% do volume total do vulcanismo intracontinental ocorrido durante o Cretáceo Inferior, o que levou à abertura do Atlântico Sul. As análises petrográficas e o estudo da química mineral dos principais constituintes minerais, plagioclásio, piroxênio (orto e clino) e Ti-magnetita, das rochas ácidas do tipo Palmas (ATP) e ácidas tipo Chapecó (ATC), permitiram obter dados inéditos e correlacionar, com maior rigor, os vários magmas-tipo que essas rochas geraram. Foi possível descriminar a mineralogia distinta do grupo Palmas, ao que diz respeito aos cristais de piroxênio, assim como as heterogeneidades geoquímicas deste mesmo grupo e de Chapecó. Ortopiroxênio é exclusivo das rochas ATP e especificamente do magma-tipo Caxias do Sul. Os clinopiroxênios, pigeonita e augita são comuns em todos os subtipos das ácidas, porém, esta última está ausente da associação mineralógicas das rochas do magma-tipo Santa Maria (ATP). Com o estudo detalhado da relação mineralógica entre os cristais permitiu inferir sobre a sequência de cristalização dos piroxênios e, por conseguinte das rochas tipo Palmas. As feições texturais, dados de química mineral e (raros) de geotermobarometria obtidos nas rochas ATP e ATC sugerem que os minerais presentes nestas rochas não estão em equilíbrio com o líquido que gerou a rocha hospedeira. As feições petrográficas encontradas nos cristais de piroxênio e plagioclásio, tais como, bordas corroídas, texturas corona e de embaiamento pela matriz, em “peneira” (sieve texture) entre outras, indicam o desiquilíbrio destes minerais com o líquido que gerou a matriz. Os valores de coeficiente de distribuição (Kd) desses minerais também mostram o desiquilíbrio com a rocha total e sugerem um provável equilíbrio com líquidos de composição menos evoluída, tais como rochas básicas (i.e. basaltos) e/ou rochas intermediárias (i.e. andesitos). Com todos estes dados considera-se que grande maioria dos feno e microfenocristais, principalmente de piroxênio, e subordinadamente, plagioclásio, sejam antecristais, e assim teriam sido gerados no mesmo sistema magmático mas em líquidos com graus de diferenciação e/ou evolução diferentes.
The acid rocks of the Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP) cover about 2.5% of the total volume of intracontinental volcanism that occurred during the Lower Cretaceous, which led to the opening of the South Atlantic. Petrographic analyzes and the study of mineral chemistry of the main Palmas acid type (ATP) and Chapecó acid type rocks (ATC), made it possible to obtain unpublished data and correlate, with greater rigor, the various types of magmas these rocks generated. It was possible to discriminate the mineralogy distinct from the Palmas group, as regards the pyroxene crystals, as well as the geochemical heterogeneities of this group and Chapecó group. Orthopyroxene crystals are unique to ATP rocks and specifically to the Caxias do Sul magma-type. Clinopyroxenes crystals, pigeonite and augite, are very common in all acidic subtypes, but the latter is absent from the mineralogical association of the Santa Maria magma-type rocks (from ATP). With the detailed study of the mineralogical relationship between these crystals allowed us to infer about the crystallization sequence of the pyroxenes and, consequently, of the Palmas group. The textural features, mineral chemistry data and (rare) geothermobarometry data obtained in the ATP and ATC rocks suggest that the minerals present in these rocks are not in equilibrium with the liquid that generated the host rock. The petrographic features found in pyroxene and plagioclase crystals, such as corroded edges, corona and matrix impregnation, "sieve texture", among others, indicate the disequilibrium of these minerals with the liquid that generated the matrix. The distribution coefficient (Kd’s) values of these minerals also show unbalance with total rock and suggest a probable equilibrium with less evolved composition liquids, such as basic rocks (e.g., basalts) and / or intermediate rocks (e.g., andesites). With all these data it is considered that a great majority of the phenocrysts and microphenocrysts, mainly of pyroxene, and subordinately, plagioclase, are both anticrystals, and thus they would have been generated in the same magmatic system but in liquids with different degrees of differentiation and / or evolution.
The acid rocks of the Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP) cover about 2.5% of the total volume of intracontinental volcanism that occurred during the Lower Cretaceous, which led to the opening of the South Atlantic. Petrographic analyzes and the study of mineral chemistry of the main Palmas acid type (ATP) and Chapecó acid type rocks (ATC), made it possible to obtain unpublished data and correlate, with greater rigor, the various types of magmas these rocks generated. It was possible to discriminate the mineralogy distinct from the Palmas group, as regards the pyroxene crystals, as well as the geochemical heterogeneities of this group and Chapecó group. Orthopyroxene crystals are unique to ATP rocks and specifically to the Caxias do Sul magma-type. Clinopyroxenes crystals, pigeonite and augite, are very common in all acidic subtypes, but the latter is absent from the mineralogical association of the Santa Maria magma-type rocks (from ATP). With the detailed study of the mineralogical relationship between these crystals allowed us to infer about the crystallization sequence of the pyroxenes and, consequently, of the Palmas group. The textural features, mineral chemistry data and (rare) geothermobarometry data obtained in the ATP and ATC rocks suggest that the minerals present in these rocks are not in equilibrium with the liquid that generated the host rock. The petrographic features found in pyroxene and plagioclase crystals, such as corroded edges, corona and matrix impregnation, "sieve texture", among others, indicate the disequilibrium of these minerals with the liquid that generated the matrix. The distribution coefficient (Kd’s) values of these minerals also show unbalance with total rock and suggest a probable equilibrium with less evolved composition liquids, such as basic rocks (e.g., basalts) and / or intermediate rocks (e.g., andesites). With all these data it is considered that a great majority of the phenocrysts and microphenocrysts, mainly of pyroxene, and subordinately, plagioclase, are both anticrystals, and thus they would have been generated in the same magmatic system but in liquids with different degrees of differentiation and / or evolution.
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Província Magmática do Paraná, Vulcanismo ácido, Petrologia, Geoquímica, Paraná Magmatic Province, Acid volcanism, Petrology, Geochemistry