Crítica literária, marxismo e interpretação do Brasil: um estudo a partir dos pensamentos de Roberto Schwarz e Carlos Nelson Coutinho
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Data
2017-05-15
Autores
Massuia, Rafael da Rocha [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho realiza uma análise da atuação crítica literária, situada no campo do marxismo, de Roberto Schwarz e Carlos Nelson Coutinho. Os referidos autores tratam de importantes escritores brasileiros e, ao fazerem-no, elaboram concepções originais sobre o processo de formação e desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira. Schwarz, analisando a obre de Machado de Assis, descobre o mecanismo privilegiado a partir do qual o escritor fluminense constrói sua obra madura, por meio do tratamento satírico do descompasso existente entre as elites brasileiras e sua incorporação contingencial do pensamento burguês europeu. Coutinho, estudando a obra de Lima Barreto e Graciliano Ramos, demonstra como esses escritores dialogam ativamente com seu contexto social, fornecendo ao leitor uma compreensão crítica e profunda da sociedade – marca de todo grande escritor. A fortuna crítica de Coutinho e Schwarz pressupõe um aprofundamento na realidade social brasileira – a partir de diferentes enfoques, num rico e contínuo debate com a teoria social marxista –, que objetivamos reconstruir os pontos centrais, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas que se abrem a partir de seus trabalhos para, por fim, pensarmos, para além de favoritismos teóricos, um necessário diálogo entre as duas teorias.
The present work performs an analysis of the literary critic activity, grounded in the Marxist field, of Roberto Schwarz and Carlos Nelson Coutinho. These authors deal with important Brazilian writers and, in doing so, elaborate original conceptions about the formation and development process of the Brazilian society. Schwarz, analyzing the work of Machado de Assis, discovers the privileged mechanism from which the writer from Rio de Janeiro constructs his mature work, through the satirical treatment of the mismatch between the Brazilian elites and their contingent incorporation of the European bourgeois thought. Coutinho, studying the work of Lima Barreto and Graciliano Ramos, demonstrates how these writers actively dialogue with their social context, providing the reader with a critical and profound comprehension of the society – mark of every great writer. The critical fortune of Coutinho and Schwarz presupposes a deepening on the Brazilian social reality – from different approaches, in a rich and continuous debate with the Marxist social theory –, that we aimed to reconstruct the central points, highlighting the interpretative possibilities that present themselves from their work to think, finally, beyond any theoretical favoritism, a necessary dialogue between the two theories.
The present work performs an analysis of the literary critic activity, grounded in the Marxist field, of Roberto Schwarz and Carlos Nelson Coutinho. These authors deal with important Brazilian writers and, in doing so, elaborate original conceptions about the formation and development process of the Brazilian society. Schwarz, analyzing the work of Machado de Assis, discovers the privileged mechanism from which the writer from Rio de Janeiro constructs his mature work, through the satirical treatment of the mismatch between the Brazilian elites and their contingent incorporation of the European bourgeois thought. Coutinho, studying the work of Lima Barreto and Graciliano Ramos, demonstrates how these writers actively dialogue with their social context, providing the reader with a critical and profound comprehension of the society – mark of every great writer. The critical fortune of Coutinho and Schwarz presupposes a deepening on the Brazilian social reality – from different approaches, in a rich and continuous debate with the Marxist social theory –, that we aimed to reconstruct the central points, highlighting the interpretative possibilities that present themselves from their work to think, finally, beyond any theoretical favoritism, a necessary dialogue between the two theories.
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Palavras-chave
Roberto Schwarz, Carlos Nelson Coutinho, Marxismo, Teoria social, Literatura