Representações sociais de professores do Ensino Fundamental I em exercício: os sentidos no contexto da(s) diferença(s)
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Data
2017-06-27
Autores
Paganotti, Emille Gomes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa pesquisa dedicou-se a conhecer as representações de professores no contexto da inclusão escolar. O trabalho desenvolveu-se a partir do levantamento numérico das crianças com deficiência inclusas na rede pública municipal da cidade de Rio Claro, SP, matriculadas no fundamental I (1° ao 5° ano). Após o levantamento foi encaminhado um questionário em que se buscou conhecer quais as representações de docentes da sala de recursos e de sala regular atuantes no ensino fundamental I sobre essas deficiências e se existem aproximações ou distanciamentos entre os dois grupos de professores participantes. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser qualitativa e quantitativa. O questionário foi entregue aos professores regulares durante reunião da Secretaria Municipal da Educação (SME) via coordenação e aos professores de sala de recursos foi entregue pessoalmente também em reunião, ambos com mesmo prazo de devolução. Desses, 103 aceitaram participar (86 de sala regular e 17 de sala de recursos). A análise dos dados baseou-se na perspectiva de Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultados, observou-se que são registrados 397 alunos com algum tipo de deficiência, transtorno ou atraso de desenvolvimento. E, como o foco dessa pesquisa é a representação social sobre inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência, são totalizados 259 alunos em nosso contexto, os quais foram tabulados e classificados entre deficiência física (DF), deficiência auditiva (DA), deficiência visual (DV), deficiência intelectual (DI) ou deficiência múltipla (DMu), com especificação da mesma. A partir dos dados provenientes do questionário, pode-se perceber que a rede é composta por majoritariamente professoras do sexo feminino atuando entre 11 e 20 anos na profissão e que recebem mais frequentemente alunos com DI ou DMu. As representações dos professores transitam entre os universos reificado e consensual, porém são predominantemente do senso comum, isto é, afirmam a importância da inclusão escolar e indicam mais dificuldades do que possibilidades na efetivação do trabalho, alegando falta de formação adequada. Além disso, ao professor de sala de recursos são depositadas as expectativas e obrigações sobre as adaptações necessárias para o aluno.
This research aims to know teachers representation in the context of school inclusion. The work was developed from the numerical survey of children with disabilities included in the municipal school of the city of Rio Claro/SP in the Elementary School I (1st to 5th grade). After the survey it was carried out a questionnaire in which it was sought to know what representations of teachers of the educational support class and regular class acting in Elementary School I about these disabilities and whether there are approximations or distances between the two groups of participating teachers. Methodologically, the research is characterized by being qualitative and quantitative. The questionnaire was delivered to the regular teachers during a meeting of the Municipal Department of Education (SME) through coordination and to the educational support teachers was delivered also in a meeting, both with the same term of return. Of these, 103 accepted to participate (86 of regular classes and 17 of educational support classes). Data analysis was based on the Content Analysis perspective. As results, it was observed that 397 students with some type of disability, disorder or learning delay are registered. As the focus of this research is the inclusion representation of students with disabilities, 259 students in our context are tabulated and classified as a physical disability (DF), hearing disability (DA), visual disability (DV), intellectual disability (DI) or multiple disabilities (DMu), with specification of the same. Based on the data from the questionnaire, it can be seen that Rio Claro is made up of female teachers who are between 11 and 20 years of age in the profession and most frequently receive students with DI or DMu. The representations of teachers pass between the reified and consensual universes, but they are predominantly common sense, because they affirm the importance of school inclusion and indicate more difficulties than possibilities in the accomplishment of work, alleging they need more study. In addition, to the teacher of educational support classes is given the expectations and obligations on the necessary adaptations for the disability students.
This research aims to know teachers representation in the context of school inclusion. The work was developed from the numerical survey of children with disabilities included in the municipal school of the city of Rio Claro/SP in the Elementary School I (1st to 5th grade). After the survey it was carried out a questionnaire in which it was sought to know what representations of teachers of the educational support class and regular class acting in Elementary School I about these disabilities and whether there are approximations or distances between the two groups of participating teachers. Methodologically, the research is characterized by being qualitative and quantitative. The questionnaire was delivered to the regular teachers during a meeting of the Municipal Department of Education (SME) through coordination and to the educational support teachers was delivered also in a meeting, both with the same term of return. Of these, 103 accepted to participate (86 of regular classes and 17 of educational support classes). Data analysis was based on the Content Analysis perspective. As results, it was observed that 397 students with some type of disability, disorder or learning delay are registered. As the focus of this research is the inclusion representation of students with disabilities, 259 students in our context are tabulated and classified as a physical disability (DF), hearing disability (DA), visual disability (DV), intellectual disability (DI) or multiple disabilities (DMu), with specification of the same. Based on the data from the questionnaire, it can be seen that Rio Claro is made up of female teachers who are between 11 and 20 years of age in the profession and most frequently receive students with DI or DMu. The representations of teachers pass between the reified and consensual universes, but they are predominantly common sense, because they affirm the importance of school inclusion and indicate more difficulties than possibilities in the accomplishment of work, alleging they need more study. In addition, to the teacher of educational support classes is given the expectations and obligations on the necessary adaptations for the disability students.
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Palavras-chave
Representações, Inclusão escolar, Deficiência, Rio Claro, Representations, School inclusion, Disability