Estudo de geração de energia elétrica em motores stirling acionados por biogás e/ou energia solar
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Data
2017-07-28
Autores
Dentello, Rodrigo Orefise [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O motor Stirling é um motor de combustão externa que opera com diferenças de temperaturas, produzindo trabalho mecânico e eletricidade. Esse tipo de motor opera em um ciclo fechado, que através do uso de uma fonte quente e uma fria, expande e comprime um fluido de trabalho (ar, hélio ou hidrogênio, dentre os mais comuns), fornecendo assim o movimento de um pistão. Pode operar com calor residual e também com a queima de qualquer tipo de combustível (gás natural, diesel, gasolina, etc). Essa tecnologia tem se destacado para o desenvolvimento de sistemas que operam com biocombustíveis (biogás e syngas) e com energias renováveis, como por exemplo, caso de uso de concentradores solares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as performances termodinâmica, econômica e ambiental de um sistema Stirling operando com sistema de alimentação a biogás e energia solar, aplicado para a geração de energia elétrica descentralizada. São realizados estudos dos aspectos termodinâmicos do ciclo Stirling, com foco no funcionamento e no trabalho do motor. São efetuadas análises técnicas do sistema operando com câmara de combustão a biogás e utilizando energia de concentrador solar parabólico. Em etapa final são analisados e comparados os aspectos econômicos e ambientais do sistema acionado por biogás e energia solar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram pela teoria de Schmidt uma eficiência do motor Stirling de 67%. Da análise econômica, fica evidente que um maior número de horas de operação corrobora com a viabilidade econômica. Quantos aos aspectos ambientais, o valor da eficiência ecológica do motor Stirling operando a biogás é de 98,02%. No caso do sistema solar utilizando concentrador para alimentar o motor Stirling, a eficiência ecológica indica é de cerca de 98%. Conclui-se que o uso de fontes renováveis, permitem bons níveis de eficiência de geração de energia elétrica de sistemas utilizando motores Stirling de pequeno porte, reduzindo níveis de poluição atmosférica e contribuindo para a redução do efeito estufa.
The Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that operates at varying temperatures, producing mechanical work or electricity. This type of engine operates in a closed cycle, which through the use of a hot and cold source expands and compresses a working fluid (air, helium or hydrogen, among the most common), thus providing the movement of a piston. It can operate with residual heat and also with the burning of any type of fuel (natural gas, diesel, gasoline, etc.). This technology has been outstanding for the development of hybrid systems that operate with biofuels (biogas and syngas) and with renewable energies, as for example, case of use of solar concentrators. This work aims to study the thermodynamic, economic and environmental performances of a Stirling system operating with a biogas and solar energy supply system, applied for the generation of decentralized electric energy. Studies are carried out on the thermodynamic aspects of the Stirling cycle, focusing on the operation and work of the engine. Technical analysis of the system is carried out using a biogas combustion chamber and using parabolic solar concentrator energy. In the final stage are analyzed and compared the economic and environmental aspects of the system activated by biogas and solar energy. The results showed that through the thermodynamic analysis by the Schmidt theory, a Stirling engine efficiency of 67% was obtained. From the economic analysis, it is evident that a greater number of hours of operation corroborates with economic viability. As for the environmental aspects, the ecological efficiency value of the Stirling engine operating biogas is 98.02%. In the case of the solar system using concentrator to power the Stirling engine, the ecological efficiency indicates is about 98%. It is concluded that the use of renewable sources, allow good levels of efficiency of electric power generation of systems using small Stirling motors, reducing levels of air pollution and contributing to the reduction of the greenhouse effect.
The Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that operates at varying temperatures, producing mechanical work or electricity. This type of engine operates in a closed cycle, which through the use of a hot and cold source expands and compresses a working fluid (air, helium or hydrogen, among the most common), thus providing the movement of a piston. It can operate with residual heat and also with the burning of any type of fuel (natural gas, diesel, gasoline, etc.). This technology has been outstanding for the development of hybrid systems that operate with biofuels (biogas and syngas) and with renewable energies, as for example, case of use of solar concentrators. This work aims to study the thermodynamic, economic and environmental performances of a Stirling system operating with a biogas and solar energy supply system, applied for the generation of decentralized electric energy. Studies are carried out on the thermodynamic aspects of the Stirling cycle, focusing on the operation and work of the engine. Technical analysis of the system is carried out using a biogas combustion chamber and using parabolic solar concentrator energy. In the final stage are analyzed and compared the economic and environmental aspects of the system activated by biogas and solar energy. The results showed that through the thermodynamic analysis by the Schmidt theory, a Stirling engine efficiency of 67% was obtained. From the economic analysis, it is evident that a greater number of hours of operation corroborates with economic viability. As for the environmental aspects, the ecological efficiency value of the Stirling engine operating biogas is 98.02%. In the case of the solar system using concentrator to power the Stirling engine, the ecological efficiency indicates is about 98%. It is concluded that the use of renewable sources, allow good levels of efficiency of electric power generation of systems using small Stirling motors, reducing levels of air pollution and contributing to the reduction of the greenhouse effect.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Motor Stirling, Biogás, Energia solar, Análise energética, Análise econômica, Análise ambiental, Stirling engine, Biogas, Solar energy, Energy analysis, Economic analysis and environmental analysis