Biomateriais multifuncionais aplicados em reparo ósseo na odontologia
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Data
2017-09-20
Autores
Barud, Hélida Gomes de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A regeneração óssea caracteriza-se por ser um processo fisiológico complexo que envolve a participação coordenada entre angiogênese e osteogênese. Envolve um processo de múltiplas etapas que inclui migração, proliferação e diferenciação de vários tipos de células, como células endoteliais, fibroblastos, osteoblastos e osteoclastos. Sabe-se que os biomateriais sintéticos têm demonstrado ser uma excelente alternativa ao reparo ósseo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do Biosilicato de sódio (BS) e dos compósitos 3D de 30% de hidroxiapatita e ácido poliláctico (3D 30% HA / PLA) e 30% hidroxiapatita e ácido poli (ácido láctico-co-glicólico) (30% HA / PLGA), e em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos. Cento e vinte ratos machos de 90 dias com 350g de massa corporal em média foram aleatoriamente divididos em grupos de acordo com materiais de enxerto e tempo de análise, apresentando 6 animais em cada um. Os defeitos de tamanho crítico foram criados empregando-se uma trefina de 8 mm de diâmetro interno e preenchidos com os materiais mencionados ou apenas o coágulo sanguíneo como controle. Após 14 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), 90 (T4) e 120 dias (T5) dias do procedimento cirúrgico, a regeneração óssea foi avaliada por radiografia, microtomografia computadorizada (μ-CT) e histologia. A avaliação macroscópica mostrou biocompatibilidade em torno da área de interesse entre os biomateriais e ossos adjacentes. As imagens de μ-CT e de raios-x revelaram uma considerável formação óssea em relação ao PLGA e ao scaffold 3D, sendo que este último demonstrou uma maior extensão do tecido ósseo neoformado, mesmo dentro dos poros do scaffold. Por outro lado, os compósitos 3D 30%HA/PLA e 30% HA/PLGA não foram totalmente degradados permanecendo um remanescente do biomaterial em torno do reparo ósseo. Quanto ao BS, este apresentou formação óssea similar ao grupo controle.
The process of bone regeneration requires a coordinated coupling between osteogenesis and angiogenesis involveing a multistep process that includes migration, proliferation, and differentiation of several types of cells such as endothelial, fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It is known that synthetic biomaterials have been proven to be an excellent alternative to bone repair. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium and sodium Biosilicate (BS), a 3D scaffold of hydroxyapatite and polylactic acid (30% HA / PLA) and a hydroxyapatite and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (30% HA / PLGA) composites in critical-sized calvarial defects. One hundred and twenty 90 days old male rats with 350g of body mass on average were randomly divided into groups (n = 6) according to graft materials and analysis time. Critical-size defects were created by means of a 8 mm inner diameter trephine bur and were filled with a 3D 30% HA/PLGA scaffold, 30% HA/PLA, BS or blood clot as control. After 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), 90 (T4) and 120 (T5) days of the cirurgical procedure, bone regeneration was evaluated by histology, x-ray and micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). Macroscopic evaluation showed no significant inflamation around the interest area. µ-CT results indicates that 30% HA/PLA and 3D 30% HA/PLGA composites were not fully degraded and images revealed considerable bone formation in 90 days and 120 days in relation to these materials. On the other hand, BS presented a bone formation similar to control groups.
The process of bone regeneration requires a coordinated coupling between osteogenesis and angiogenesis involveing a multistep process that includes migration, proliferation, and differentiation of several types of cells such as endothelial, fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It is known that synthetic biomaterials have been proven to be an excellent alternative to bone repair. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium and sodium Biosilicate (BS), a 3D scaffold of hydroxyapatite and polylactic acid (30% HA / PLA) and a hydroxyapatite and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (30% HA / PLGA) composites in critical-sized calvarial defects. One hundred and twenty 90 days old male rats with 350g of body mass on average were randomly divided into groups (n = 6) according to graft materials and analysis time. Critical-size defects were created by means of a 8 mm inner diameter trephine bur and were filled with a 3D 30% HA/PLGA scaffold, 30% HA/PLA, BS or blood clot as control. After 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), 90 (T4) and 120 (T5) days of the cirurgical procedure, bone regeneration was evaluated by histology, x-ray and micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). Macroscopic evaluation showed no significant inflamation around the interest area. µ-CT results indicates that 30% HA/PLA and 3D 30% HA/PLGA composites were not fully degraded and images revealed considerable bone formation in 90 days and 120 days in relation to these materials. On the other hand, BS presented a bone formation similar to control groups.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Regeneração óssea, Materiais biocompatíveis, Engenharia tecidual, Impressão tridimensional, Microtomografia por Raio-X, Bone regeneration, Biocompatible materials, Tissue engineering, Printing, three-dimensional, X-Ray microtomography