Atividade da liriodenina extraída de Annona macroprophyllata sobre isolados do gênero Paracoccidioides.
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2018-02-27
Autores
Vinche, Adriele Dandara Levorato
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é micose granulomatosa sistêmica causada por fungos termodimórficos do gênero Paracoccidioides. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a atividade da liriodenina, extraída de Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm, sobre isolados clínicos e cepas padrão de fungos do gênero Paracoccidioides e outras espécies que causam micoses sistêmicas e, através de um estudo-piloto realizado em modelo murino, avaliar a absorção da liriodenina e possíveis efeitos indesejáveis. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) da liriodenina foram determinadas pelo método de microdiluição. As alterações celulares causadas pela liriodenina em P. brasiliensis / cepa padrão Pb18 foram avaliadas pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e de varredura (MEV). Em estudo-piloto, quatro camundongos isogênicos albinos, da linhagem BALB/c, foram utilizados para avaliar a absorção e os efeitos indesejáveis da liriodenina. Os animais, sem infecção, foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, com dois camundongos que receberam a dose de 0,75 mg.kg-1 e grupo 2, com dois camundongos que receberam a dose de 1,50 mg.kg-1, em única tomada. Após seis e 12 horas após a administração, os animais foram sacrificados e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a determinação dos níveis séricos. Os intestinos foram coletados para exame histológico. O teste de sensibilidade in vitro revelou que a liriodenina possui atividade sobre parte dos fungos do gênero Paracoccidioides, com valores de CIM entre 31,2 e 250 μg.mL-1 e sobre a cepa padrão de Histoplasma capsulatum (CIM de 1,95 μg.mL-1). No entanto, menor atividade foi observada em leveduras da maioria das espécies de Candida ensaiadas, com CIM de 125 a 250 μg.mL-1, e maior atividade sobre as cepas padrões de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii (CIM de 62,5 μg.mL-1), enquanto a cepa de Aspergillus fumigatus revelou-se resistente à maior concentração de liriodenina. Deve-se ressaltar a atividade da liriodenina sobre Candida krusei, que é intrinsecamente resistente ao fluconazol e, ao contrário, a ausência de atividade sobre Candida tropicalis. A liriodenina revelou ter atividade fungicida sobre todas as cepas padrão e isolados clínicos que foram inibidos in vitro. A MET revelou alterações citoplasmáticas e danos na parede celular de P.brasiliensis. O estudo-piloto revelou que, após 12 horas da administração da liriodenina, os animais que receberam a dose de 1,50 mg.kg-1 apresentavam gases intestinais e distensão abdominal, achados não observados nos que receberam 0,75 mg.kg-1. Os exames histológicos não evidenciaram alterações de intestino com nenhuma das doses empregadas. Níveis séricos de liriodenina foram detectados em ambos os grupos de animais. No entanto, os animais que receberam 0,75 mg.kg-1 de liriodenina apresentaram aumento da concentração com o passar do tempo, enquanto achado oposto foi observado nos que receberam 1,50 mg.kg-1. Os testes de sensibilidade in vitro indicaram que a liriodenina é uma alternativa promissora no tratamento de várias micoses sistêmicas. O estudo-piloto revelou que a liriodenina é absorvida após administração por gavagem, embora a dose de 1,50 mg.kg-1 tenha induzido alterações funcionais, caracterizadas por formação exagerada de gases e conseqüente distensão abdominal, que talvez possam explicar a diminuição de sua absorção. Os resultados do presente estudo estimulam a realização da avaliação da farmacocinética da liriodenina, de sua ação antifúngica em maior número de isolados de espécies de Candida spp, Cryptococcus spp, Histoplasma capsulatum e fungos do gênero Paracoccidioides e de sua eficácia em infecções experimentais em modelo murino. Por se tratar de composto antifúngico não pertencente às classes hoje utilizadas na terapia antifúngica, pode vir a contribuir com o tratamento de pacientes com infecções fúngicas resistentes.
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is systemic granulomatous mycosis caused by thermodymorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of liriodenine, extracted from Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm on clinical isolates and standard strains of fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and other species that cause systemic mycoses and, through a pilot study conducted in a murine model, to assess the absorption of liriodenine and possible undesirable effects. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (CFM) of liriodenine were determined by the microdilution method. Cellular alterations caused by liriodenin in P. brasiliensis / Pb18 standard strain were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In a pilot study, four albino isogenic mice of the BALB / c strain were used to assess the absorption and undesirable effects of liriodenine. The animals, without infection, were divided into two groups: group 1, with two mice receiving the dose of 0.75 mg.kg-1 and group 2, with two mice receiving the dose of 1.50 mg.kg- 1 , in single outlet. After six and 12 hours after administration, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for the determination of serum levels. The intestines were collected for histological examination. The in vitro sensitivity test revealed that liriodenine has activity on part of fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides, with MIC values between 31.2 and 250 μg.mL-1 and on the standard Histoplasma capsulatum strain (MIC of 1.95 μg .mL-1 ). However, lower activity was observed in yeasts of most Candida species tested, with MIC of 125 to 250 μg.mL-1 , and greater activity on the standard strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii (MIC of 62.5 μg. mL-1 ), while the strain of Aspergillus fumigatus was resistant to the highest concentration of liriodenine. The activity of liriodenine on Candida krusei, which is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole and, on the contrary, the absence of activity on Candida tropicalis should be emphasized. Liriodenin reveale over all standard strains and clinical isolates that were inhibited in vitro. MET showed cytoplasmic alterations and damage to P. brasiliensis cell wall. The pilot study revealed that animals receiving the 1.50 mg.kg-1 dose had no intestinal gas and abdominal distension 12 hours after administration of liriodenine, which were not observed in those receiving 0.75 mg.kg-1 . Histological examinations showed no intestinal changes at any of the doses used. Serum levels of liriodenine were detected in both groups of animals. However, animals receiving 0.75 mg.kg-1 liriodenine showed increased concentration over time, while the opposite finding was observed in those receiving 1.50 mg.kg-1 . In vitro sensitivity tests indicated that liriodenine is a promising alternative in the treatment of various systemic mycoses. The pilot study revealed that liriodenine is absorbed after administration by gavage, although the 1.50 mg.kg-1 dose induced functional alterations, characterized by exaggerated gas formation and consequent abdominal distension, which may explain the decrease of its absorption. The results of the present study stimulate the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of liriodenine, its antifungal action in a greater number of isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus spp, Histoplasma capsulatum and fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and their efficacy in experimental infections in murine model. Because it is an antifungal compound that does not belong to the classes currently used in antifungal therapy, it may contribute to the treatment of patients with resistant fungal infections.
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is systemic granulomatous mycosis caused by thermodymorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of liriodenine, extracted from Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm on clinical isolates and standard strains of fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and other species that cause systemic mycoses and, through a pilot study conducted in a murine model, to assess the absorption of liriodenine and possible undesirable effects. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (CFM) of liriodenine were determined by the microdilution method. Cellular alterations caused by liriodenin in P. brasiliensis / Pb18 standard strain were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In a pilot study, four albino isogenic mice of the BALB / c strain were used to assess the absorption and undesirable effects of liriodenine. The animals, without infection, were divided into two groups: group 1, with two mice receiving the dose of 0.75 mg.kg-1 and group 2, with two mice receiving the dose of 1.50 mg.kg- 1 , in single outlet. After six and 12 hours after administration, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for the determination of serum levels. The intestines were collected for histological examination. The in vitro sensitivity test revealed that liriodenine has activity on part of fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides, with MIC values between 31.2 and 250 μg.mL-1 and on the standard Histoplasma capsulatum strain (MIC of 1.95 μg .mL-1 ). However, lower activity was observed in yeasts of most Candida species tested, with MIC of 125 to 250 μg.mL-1 , and greater activity on the standard strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii (MIC of 62.5 μg. mL-1 ), while the strain of Aspergillus fumigatus was resistant to the highest concentration of liriodenine. The activity of liriodenine on Candida krusei, which is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole and, on the contrary, the absence of activity on Candida tropicalis should be emphasized. Liriodenin reveale over all standard strains and clinical isolates that were inhibited in vitro. MET showed cytoplasmic alterations and damage to P. brasiliensis cell wall. The pilot study revealed that animals receiving the 1.50 mg.kg-1 dose had no intestinal gas and abdominal distension 12 hours after administration of liriodenine, which were not observed in those receiving 0.75 mg.kg-1 . Histological examinations showed no intestinal changes at any of the doses used. Serum levels of liriodenine were detected in both groups of animals. However, animals receiving 0.75 mg.kg-1 liriodenine showed increased concentration over time, while the opposite finding was observed in those receiving 1.50 mg.kg-1 . In vitro sensitivity tests indicated that liriodenine is a promising alternative in the treatment of various systemic mycoses. The pilot study revealed that liriodenine is absorbed after administration by gavage, although the 1.50 mg.kg-1 dose induced functional alterations, characterized by exaggerated gas formation and consequent abdominal distension, which may explain the decrease of its absorption. The results of the present study stimulate the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of liriodenine, its antifungal action in a greater number of isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus spp, Histoplasma capsulatum and fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and their efficacy in experimental infections in murine model. Because it is an antifungal compound that does not belong to the classes currently used in antifungal therapy, it may contribute to the treatment of patients with resistant fungal infections.
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liriodenina, paracoccidioidomicose, micoses sistêmicas, compostos antifúngicos, absorção, camundongos, gavagem, efeitos colaterais, liriodenine, paracoccidioidomycosis, systemic mycoses, antifungal compounds, absorption, mice, gavage and side effects