Síndrome de Burnout em jovens atletas: um estudo com modalidades esportivas individuais e coletivas na fase pré-competitiva
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Data
2018-01-26
Autores
Rodrigues, Rafael Nogueira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a finalidade de monitorar efetivamente o jovem atleta comprometido com o treinamento intenso, alguns pesquisadores sugerem o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento psicossocial, e informam os riscos de burnout (estresse físico e emocional), levando à perda de oportunidades sociais, educacionais e, em muitos casos, o rompimento com a vida familiar e esportiva. Sendo a própria competição uma fonte causadora de estresse para atletas de qualquer nível (adulto ou infanto-juvenil), e a exposição prolongada a agentes estressores pode ter influências negativas graves, podendo gerar problemas relacionados ao seu desempenho. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar escores de burnout, em atletas de ambos os sexos, praticantes de esportes individuais e coletivos, em diferentes faixas etárias durante a fase pré-competitiva, bem como as possíveis correlações entre idade, sexo e tipo de esporte. Utilizou-se o questionário de burnout para atletas, com amostra constituída por 223 atletas amadores e profissionais, sendo 173 do sexo masculino e 50 do sexo feminino, 108 atletas praticantes de modalidades individuais e 115 de modalidades coletivas. Para o cálculo e análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferência estatísticas, com estimativas de média, desvio padrão, mediana, quartis e valores extremos. Foi utilizado o valor de ≥2.5 para classificação de vulnerabilidade dos atletas nas diferentes variáveis. Como resultado foi identificado que os indivíduos de modalidade individual apresentaram maiores escores em cada dimensão do burnout em relação aos indivíduos de modalidades coletivas. Em relação ao sexo, houve uma pequena indicação de maior sentimento de desvalorização esportiva no grupo do sexo masculino, mas sem diferença significativa, sendo também observada uma fraca correlação positiva entre idade, valores de burnout total e desvalorização esportiva. Em relação a vulnerabilidade, o percentual de atletas de esportes individuais, atletas do sexo feminino e atletas de maior idade foi um pouco mais elevado em comparação a seus pares, demonstrando uma possível maior vulnerabilidade neste público.
In order to effectively monitor the young athlete who is committed to intense training, some researchers suggest a deepening of knowledge about psychosocial development. They also report on the risks of burnout, physical and emotional stress, leading to loss of social, educational and, in many cases, disruption to family and sports life. Competition is a source of stress for athletes of any level (adult or child-juvenile), and prolonged exposure to these stressors can have serious negative influences, thus influencing their performance. This research aimed to identify burnout scores in athletes of both sexes, individual and collective sportsmen, in different age groups during the pre - competitive phase, as well as the possible correlations between age, gender and type of sport. The burnout questionnaire was used for athletes. The sample consisted of 223 amateur and professional athletes, of whom 173 were males and 50 were females, 108 were athletes practicing individual modalities and 115 were of collective modalities. For the calculation and analysis of the data we used statistical descriptive and statistical interference, with estimates of mean, standard deviation, median, quartiles and extreme values. The value of ≥2.5 was used to classify the vulnerability of the athletes in the different variables. As a result, it was identified that individuals of individual modality presented higher scores in each dimension of burnout in relation to individuals of collective modalities. Regarding gender, there was a small indication of a greater sense of sports depreciation in the male group, but without a significant difference, a weak positive correlation was also observed between age and values of total burnout and sports devalorization. Regarding vulnerability, the percentage of athletes of individual sports, female athletes and older athletes was a little higher, showing greater vulnerability in this public.
In order to effectively monitor the young athlete who is committed to intense training, some researchers suggest a deepening of knowledge about psychosocial development. They also report on the risks of burnout, physical and emotional stress, leading to loss of social, educational and, in many cases, disruption to family and sports life. Competition is a source of stress for athletes of any level (adult or child-juvenile), and prolonged exposure to these stressors can have serious negative influences, thus influencing their performance. This research aimed to identify burnout scores in athletes of both sexes, individual and collective sportsmen, in different age groups during the pre - competitive phase, as well as the possible correlations between age, gender and type of sport. The burnout questionnaire was used for athletes. The sample consisted of 223 amateur and professional athletes, of whom 173 were males and 50 were females, 108 were athletes practicing individual modalities and 115 were of collective modalities. For the calculation and analysis of the data we used statistical descriptive and statistical interference, with estimates of mean, standard deviation, median, quartiles and extreme values. The value of ≥2.5 was used to classify the vulnerability of the athletes in the different variables. As a result, it was identified that individuals of individual modality presented higher scores in each dimension of burnout in relation to individuals of collective modalities. Regarding gender, there was a small indication of a greater sense of sports depreciation in the male group, but without a significant difference, a weak positive correlation was also observed between age and values of total burnout and sports devalorization. Regarding vulnerability, the percentage of athletes of individual sports, female athletes and older athletes was a little higher, showing greater vulnerability in this public.
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Palavras-chave
Burnout, Atletas, Esporte, Sexo, Idade, Athlete, Sport, Sex, Age