Qualidade funcional e atividade antioxidante do mangostão amarelo (Garcinia cochinchinensis Choisy)
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Data
2018-02-07
Autores
Farinazzi Machado, Flavia Maria Vasques
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As espécies do gênero Garcinia apresentam concentrações expressivas de compostos fenólicos com atividade hipolipidêmica, anti-obesidade, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante in vitro e em modelos animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar análises físico-químicas e quantificar compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante das folhas e frutos da espécie Garcinia cochinchinensis Choisy, conhecida como mangostão amarelo, e analisar os efeitos do consumo das frutas e folhas sobre o perfil bioquímico, antropométrico e comportamental de ratos Wistar. Os frutos e as folhas do mangostão amarelo foram obtidos do pomar da Faculdade de Tecnologia de Pompéia/SP, sendo realizadas análises de pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e ratio na polpa fresca. No extrato seco dos frutos foram efetuadas análises qualitativas colorimétricas para fitoquímicos e análises quantitativas nos frutos e folhas frescas para carotenóides, antocianinas, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides, pigmentos clorofila A e B, e atividade antioxidante total. Os sucos dos frutos e das folhas foram administrados em ratos Wistar machos, que constituíram cinco grupos experimentais: controle (G1), que receberam água ad libitum, G2 e G3, tratados com suco da polpa em concentrações de 20% e 40%, respectivamente, e G4 e G5, tratados com suco das folhas, em 20% e 40%, respectivamente. Após 40 dias de experimento os animais submetidos as doses mais concentradas de sucos da polpa e folhas do fruto (G3 e G5), além do grupo controle, foram submetidos a análises de comportamento utilizando os modelos de campo aberto e labirinto em cruz elevado. No 41º dia do experimento, foi coletado sangue dos animais para análises bioquímicas de glicose, enzimas hepáticas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT), colesterol total, lipoproteínas plasmáticas (VLDL-c, LDL-c, HDL-c), triglicerídeos e proteína C reativa ultrassensível. O perfil lipídico foi utilizado para cálculo de Índices aterogênicos. Foi avaliado também o perfil antropométrico, sendo calculado ganho de peso corporal (%), Índice de Lee e peso da gordura visceral. A análise dos dados foi realizada através da Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Tukey, e nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade (p<0,05). A polpa fresca do mangostão apresentou valores médios de 4,88 g de ácido cítrico 100 g-1, 12,3 ºBrix e 2,52, para acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis e pH, respectivamente. A prospecção fitoquímica revelou presença de metabólitos secundários como flavonoides, flavanonas, flavonóis, entre outros. Teores expressivos de carotenoides, antocianinas, compostos fenólicos e flavonoides foram observados na polpa e folhas do mangostão e a atividade antioxidante total da polpa dos frutos apresentou-se maior quando comparada às folhas. O resultado do estudo com os modelos experimentais evidenciou redução significativa nos valores de triglicerídeos (TG) e na gordura visceral nos grupos tratados com a polpa e a folha do mangostão amarelo, comparados ao grupo controle. A razão TG/HDL-c, considerada um índice aterogênico, reduziu significativamente no grupo tratado com 40% das folhas do mangostão. Por outro lado, não houve variações significativas no ganho de peso corporal, no Índice de Lee e nos demais atributos bioquímicos avaliados, entre os animais submetidos ao consumo de sucos da polpa e das folhas do mangostão amarelo. Os sucos do mangostão amarelo não surtiram efeitos sobre o comportamento dos animais em modelos experimentais de ansiedade.
The species of the genus Garcinia present expressive concentrations of phenolic compounds with hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in vitro and in animal models. The aim of this study was to quantify phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of the species Garcinia cochinchinensis Choisy, known as yellow mangosteen, and analyze the effects of the consumption of fruit and leaves on the biochemical and anthropometric profile of Wistar rats. The fruit and leaves of the mangosteen yellow were obtained from the orchard of the Faculty of Technology of Pompeia/SP. Analyzes of pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity were performed on the fresh fruit pulp. In the dry extract of the fruits were performed qualitative colorimetric analysis for phytochemicals and quantitative analysis in fruit and fresh leaves to carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, pigments chlorophyll A and B, and antioxidant activity by the hijacking of the stable free radical DPPH (radical 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilidrazil). The juices of fruits and leaves were administered in male Wistar rats, which were five experimental groups: control (G1), which received water ad libitum, G2 and G3, treated with 20% and 40% of the pulp, juice and G4 and G5, treated with 20% and 40% of juice from the leaves, respectively. After 40 days of experiment, the animals submitted to the more concentrated doses of pulp juices and leaves of the fruit (G3 and G5), besides the control group, were submitted to behavior analysis using the open field and cross maze models. On the 41st day of the experiment, the blood of animals was collected for biochemical analysis of glucose, liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, VLDL-c, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein. It was evaluated also anthropometric profile, being calculated body-weight gain (%), Lee index and visceral fat. Data analysis was carried out through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test, using SISVAR program and the level of significance of 5% probability (p < 0.05). Fresh mangosteen pulp showed mean values of 4.88 g of citric acid 100 g-1, 12.3° Brix and 2.52 for titratable acidity, soluble solids, and pH, respectively. The phytochemical prospecting revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, flavonols, flavanonas, flavanonois, among others. Significant levels of carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were observed in pulp and leaves mangosteen and the total antioxidant activity of the pulp of fruits showed higher when compared to the leaves. The study results with experimental models showed a significant reduction in the values of triglycerides and visceral fat in the groups treated with the pulp and leaf the yellow mangosteen compared to the control group. The TG/HDL-c ratio, considered a atherogenic index, significantly reduced in the treated group with 40% of the leaves of the mangosteen. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in body weight gain, in the Lee index and other biochemical parameters evaluated, among the animals submitted to consumption of pulp and leaves juice of the yellow mangosteen. The yellow mangosteen juices did not have effect on the behavior of animals in experimental models of anxiety.
The species of the genus Garcinia present expressive concentrations of phenolic compounds with hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in vitro and in animal models. The aim of this study was to quantify phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of the species Garcinia cochinchinensis Choisy, known as yellow mangosteen, and analyze the effects of the consumption of fruit and leaves on the biochemical and anthropometric profile of Wistar rats. The fruit and leaves of the mangosteen yellow were obtained from the orchard of the Faculty of Technology of Pompeia/SP. Analyzes of pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity were performed on the fresh fruit pulp. In the dry extract of the fruits were performed qualitative colorimetric analysis for phytochemicals and quantitative analysis in fruit and fresh leaves to carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, pigments chlorophyll A and B, and antioxidant activity by the hijacking of the stable free radical DPPH (radical 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilidrazil). The juices of fruits and leaves were administered in male Wistar rats, which were five experimental groups: control (G1), which received water ad libitum, G2 and G3, treated with 20% and 40% of the pulp, juice and G4 and G5, treated with 20% and 40% of juice from the leaves, respectively. After 40 days of experiment, the animals submitted to the more concentrated doses of pulp juices and leaves of the fruit (G3 and G5), besides the control group, were submitted to behavior analysis using the open field and cross maze models. On the 41st day of the experiment, the blood of animals was collected for biochemical analysis of glucose, liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, VLDL-c, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein. It was evaluated also anthropometric profile, being calculated body-weight gain (%), Lee index and visceral fat. Data analysis was carried out through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test, using SISVAR program and the level of significance of 5% probability (p < 0.05). Fresh mangosteen pulp showed mean values of 4.88 g of citric acid 100 g-1, 12.3° Brix and 2.52 for titratable acidity, soluble solids, and pH, respectively. The phytochemical prospecting revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, flavonols, flavanonas, flavanonois, among others. Significant levels of carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were observed in pulp and leaves mangosteen and the total antioxidant activity of the pulp of fruits showed higher when compared to the leaves. The study results with experimental models showed a significant reduction in the values of triglycerides and visceral fat in the groups treated with the pulp and leaf the yellow mangosteen compared to the control group. The TG/HDL-c ratio, considered a atherogenic index, significantly reduced in the treated group with 40% of the leaves of the mangosteen. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in body weight gain, in the Lee index and other biochemical parameters evaluated, among the animals submitted to consumption of pulp and leaves juice of the yellow mangosteen. The yellow mangosteen juices did not have effect on the behavior of animals in experimental models of anxiety.
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Palavras-chave
Fruta exótica. Compostos fenólicos. Flavonoides. Índices aterogênicos. Ratos Wistar.