Risco de contaminação ambiental em um Latossolo de região úmida devido à aplicação de efluente de esgoto tratado
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Data
2018-04-06
Autores
Barbosa, Aline Michelle da Silva
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O reúso de esgoto tratado é uma alternativa promissora para a agricultura irrigada por suprir a alta demanda hídrica e nutricional dos cultivos, além de reduzir o impacto ambiental ao evitar o lançamento do efluente nos corpos hídricos. Porém, pode haver contaminação tóxica e patogênica do solo, da planta e das águas subterrâneas. Objetivou-se, avaliar o impacto da aplicação de efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto (EETE), via fertirrigação, no solo e na solução do solo de uma área experimental cultivada com Brachiaria, em Jaboticabal, SP. O EETE foi aplicado durante 4 anos (2013 a 2017) em dois experimentos com delineamento em faixas, com quatro repetições. Nos experimentos, utilizou-se um sistema de aspersão em linha tripla para aplicar lâmina uniforme de irrigação, mas gradual de EETE, estabelecendo-se cinco tratamentos com as seguintes frações do efluente em água: E5 = 100%; E4 = 87%; E3 = 60%; E2 = 31%, E1 = 11% e E0 = 0. O tratamento E0, em que se aplicou apenas água, recebeu fertilizante a base de ureia, superfosfato triplo e cloreto de potássio, equivalente à aplicada no tratamento E3 via efluente. A aplicação do EETE no solo cultivado com Brachiaria durante 4 anos não resultou em risco de salinização, sodificação e contaminação por elementos potencialmente tóxicos do solo. A aplicação do efluente aumentou a fertilidade do solo, em consequência do aumento das concentrações de macro e micronutrientes. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de EETE em Latossolo de região úmida, como em Jaboticabal, SP, apresenta baixo risco de degradação ambiental, uma vez que não contamina o solo e a solução do solo.
The reuse of treated sewage is a promising alternative for irrigated agriculture by supplying the high water and nutritional demand of the crops, besides reducing the environmental impact by avoiding the discharge of the effluent in the water bodies. However, there may be toxic and pathogenic contamination of soil, plant and groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of application of treated sewage effluent (TSE) via fertigation on soil and soil solution of an experimental area cultivated with Brachiaria in Southeastern Brazil. The TSE was applied for 4 years (2013 to 2017) in two experiments conducted in a strip design, with four replications. In the experiments, a triple line source sprinkler system applied uniform but gradual irrigation depth of TSE, establishing five treatments with the following fractions of the effluent in water: E5 = 100%; E4 = 87%; E3 = 60%; E2 = 31%, E1 = 11% and E0 = 0. The E0 treatment, in which only water was applied, received fertilizer based on urea, triple superphosphate and potassium chloride in a dose equivalent to that applied to E3 treatment via effluent. TSE application increased soil fertility as a result of increased macro and micronutrient concentrations. The indices of salinization and sodification, as well as the concentration of potentially toxic elements, were not increased with TSE doses. It was concluded that the application of SET in Wetland Latosol, as in Jaboticabal, SP, presents low risk of environmental degradation, since it does not contaminate soil and soil solution.
The reuse of treated sewage is a promising alternative for irrigated agriculture by supplying the high water and nutritional demand of the crops, besides reducing the environmental impact by avoiding the discharge of the effluent in the water bodies. However, there may be toxic and pathogenic contamination of soil, plant and groundwater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of application of treated sewage effluent (TSE) via fertigation on soil and soil solution of an experimental area cultivated with Brachiaria in Southeastern Brazil. The TSE was applied for 4 years (2013 to 2017) in two experiments conducted in a strip design, with four replications. In the experiments, a triple line source sprinkler system applied uniform but gradual irrigation depth of TSE, establishing five treatments with the following fractions of the effluent in water: E5 = 100%; E4 = 87%; E3 = 60%; E2 = 31%, E1 = 11% and E0 = 0. The E0 treatment, in which only water was applied, received fertilizer based on urea, triple superphosphate and potassium chloride in a dose equivalent to that applied to E3 treatment via effluent. TSE application increased soil fertility as a result of increased macro and micronutrient concentrations. The indices of salinization and sodification, as well as the concentration of potentially toxic elements, were not increased with TSE doses. It was concluded that the application of SET in Wetland Latosol, as in Jaboticabal, SP, presents low risk of environmental degradation, since it does not contaminate soil and soil solution.
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Palavras-chave
Reúso de água, Análise química do solo, Sustentabilidade, Reuse of water, Soil chemical analysis, Sustainability