Uso de álcool e drogas durante a gestação: resultado materno e perinatal : Capítulo 1: Caracterização da população assistida no Serviço de Atendimento à Gestantes Usuárias de Álcool e Drogas (SAGUAD) e Capítulo 2: O atendimento especializado às gestantes usuárias de álcool e drogas ilícitas melhora os resultados maternos e perinatais: estudo de coorte retrospectivo
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Data
2018-07-20
Autores
Andrade, Camila Annicchino de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A prevalência de uso de drogas ilícitas e álcool em gestantes aumentou acentuadamente nos últimos anos, problema que ganha destaque, pois a exposição dessas mulheres as drogas podem levar ao comprometimento irreversível da integridade do binômio mãe-filho. Dessa forma, é importante a caracterização dessa população com objetivo de desenvolver medidas para melhor assisti-las. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico das gestantes usuárias de drogas acompanhadas num serviço especializado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 111 mulheres acompanhadas durante o pré-natal e parto num serviço especializado. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: características demográficas, tipo de droga utilizada, períodos de abstinência e de recaída na gestação, repercussões sociais (história de prostituição, antecedentes de problemas judiciais, história de perda da guarda dos filhos, presença de rede de apoio social e afetivo, parceiro usuário de drogas ilícitas). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para as proporções, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O perfil sociodemográfico das gestantes acompanhadas no serviço especializado foi de mulheres adultas, brancas, em união estável, com baixo nível de escolaridade, não trabalhavam e procuraram o serviço tardiamente. A maioria das gestantes eram poliusuárias (três ou mais drogas), sendo que aproximadamente 78% delas ficaram abstinente por um período durante a gestação e 57% ficaram abstinente por mais de três meses durante a gestação. Cerca de um terço das gestantes relataram história de prostituição e problemas judiciais, 55,7% das multíparas tiveram perda da guarda dos filhos e aproximadamente 67% conviviam com parceiro usuário de drogas. Conclusão: O atendimento especializado (grupo psicoterápico e pré-natal) contribui para abstinência ao longo da gestação, uma vez que se sentem acolhidas, restabelecem seus vínculos familiares e são reinseridas no contexto social. Dessa forma, esse estudo mostra que se faz necessário investir em pré-natal especializado a gestantes usuárias de drogas, com equipe de assitênica que possibilite o melhor acolhimneto a essas mulheres. Palavras Chaves: gestação, drogas, características demográficas, características sociais.
The prevalence of illicit drugs and alcohol use in pregnant women has risen sharply in recent years, a problem that is highlighted, since the exposure of these women to drugs may lead to irreversible impairment of the integrity of the mother-child binomial. Thus, it is important to characterize this population in order to develop measures to better assist them. Objective: The purpose of the study was to characterize the sociodemographic profile of pregnant drug users accompanied by a specialized service. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with 111 women followed during prenatal care and delivery in a specialized service. The following variables were evaluated: demographic characteristics, type of drug used, periods of abstinence and relapse during pregnancy, social repercussions (history of prostitution, history of legal problems, history of loss of child custody, presence of social support network and affective, drug user partner). For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used for the proportions, considering the level of significance of 5%. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the pregnant women followed by the specialized service was of white women, in a stable union, with low level of schooling, unemployed and sought the service belatedly. Most of the pregnant women were polyusers (three or more drugs), and approximately 78% of them were abstinent for a period during pregnancy and 57% were abstinent for more than three months during gestation. About one-third of the pregnant women reported a history of prostitution and legal problems, 55.7% of the multiparous women had lost custody of their children and approximately 67% lived with a drug-using partner. Conclusion: The specialized care (psychotherapeutic and prenatal group) contributes to abstinence during pregnancy, once they feel welcomed, reestablish their family ties and are reinserted in the social context. Thus, this study shows that it is necessary to invest in specialized prenatal care for pregnant drug users, with a assistential team that allows groups of care to these women. Key-Words: gestation, drugs, demographic characteristics, social characteristics.
The prevalence of illicit drugs and alcohol use in pregnant women has risen sharply in recent years, a problem that is highlighted, since the exposure of these women to drugs may lead to irreversible impairment of the integrity of the mother-child binomial. Thus, it is important to characterize this population in order to develop measures to better assist them. Objective: The purpose of the study was to characterize the sociodemographic profile of pregnant drug users accompanied by a specialized service. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with 111 women followed during prenatal care and delivery in a specialized service. The following variables were evaluated: demographic characteristics, type of drug used, periods of abstinence and relapse during pregnancy, social repercussions (history of prostitution, history of legal problems, history of loss of child custody, presence of social support network and affective, drug user partner). For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used for the proportions, considering the level of significance of 5%. Results: The sociodemographic profile of the pregnant women followed by the specialized service was of white women, in a stable union, with low level of schooling, unemployed and sought the service belatedly. Most of the pregnant women were polyusers (three or more drugs), and approximately 78% of them were abstinent for a period during pregnancy and 57% were abstinent for more than three months during gestation. About one-third of the pregnant women reported a history of prostitution and legal problems, 55.7% of the multiparous women had lost custody of their children and approximately 67% lived with a drug-using partner. Conclusion: The specialized care (psychotherapeutic and prenatal group) contributes to abstinence during pregnancy, once they feel welcomed, reestablish their family ties and are reinserted in the social context. Thus, this study shows that it is necessary to invest in specialized prenatal care for pregnant drug users, with a assistential team that allows groups of care to these women. Key-Words: gestation, drugs, demographic characteristics, social characteristics.
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Drogas, Resultados maternos, Resultados perinatais, Gestação, Características demográficas, Características sociais, gestation, drugs, demographic characteristics, social characteristics