Toxicogenética, avaliação da atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana e controle de qualidade físico-químico e microbiológico do nutracêutico cacti-nea ™
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Data
2018-08-17
Autores
Navarro, Fernanda Flores [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Cacti-Nea™, um desidratado de extrato aquoso dos frutos da Cactaceae Opuntia fIcus indica, é um nutracêutico com propriedades diuréticas e antioxidantes, especialmente indicado para o controle de peso corpóreo e proteção celular contra danos oxidativos ocasionados por radicais livres. Diante do alto consumo e das poucas informações de toxicidade do produto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, as atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante e toxicogenética, assim como realizar testes de controle de qualidade do nutracêutico. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pela técnica de difusão em discos, a atividade antioxidante pelas taxas de viabilidade de leveduras e as técnicas de controle de qualidade pelas metodologias preconizadas pela Farmacopeia Brasileira. A avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos foi feita pelo ensaio de aberrações cromossômicas e do micronúcleo em células meristemáticas de A. cepa. A partir do cultivo celular HepG2, foram realizados os ensaios de MTT, ensaio cometa, ensaio do micronúcleo com bloqueio de citocinese, índice de Proliferação com Bloqueio de Citocinese (IPBC) e estresse oxidativo (SOD, GST, GSH e TBARS). Os resultados indicam que a concentração de 0,008 g/mL de Cacti-Nea™ apresentou ação antimicrobiana eficiente para Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e Staphylococcus aureus e nula para Aspergillus brasileiensis e Propionibacterium sp, sendo que a concentração de 0,008 g/mL foi a mais efetiva para esta ação. O controle de qualidade físico-químico e microbiológico apresentaram resultados dentro do preconizado pelo fabricante e pela Farmacopéia Brasileira. Os achados fitoquímicos indicam presença de flavonoides, saponinas e taninos, 614,4 mg de polifenois totais e atividade antioxidante para todas as concentrações avaliadas. Diversas concentrações apresentaram inibição na germinação das sementes de A. cepa. As concentrações 0,008; 0,006; 0,004 e 0,002 g/mL apresentaram diminuição na divisão celular. Somente a concentração de 0,002 g/mL apresentou potencial mutagênico, dado corroborado pela avaliação de danos nas células F1 deste organismo - teste. Os resultados com a linhagem celular HepG2 indicam que as concentrações avaliadas não apresentaram potencial genotóxico e mutagênico, porém as concentrações avaliadas mostraram um padrão dose-dependente para as concentrações de betalaínas e diminuição da proliferação celular. As concentrações estudadas não apresentaram dano derivado do estresse oxidativo, contudo observou-se um aumento da concentração do sistema enzimático GST, indicando a provável via metabólica do nutracêutico. Infere-se que os dados obtidos indicam um potencial efeito anticarcinogênico para este nutracêutico.Os estudos realizados com a Cacti-NeaTM evidenciaram potenciais terapêuticos para este nutracêutico, indicando que ele pode ser utilizado tanto na reversão de processo de alta proliferação celular (como tumores benígnos e malignos), quanto como agentes antimicrobianos e antioxidantes. Contudo, para a comprovação destas ações, há necessidade de realização de mais estudos com esse nutracêutico, tanto em testes in vivo como in vitro, pois há evidências também que esse produto altera os níveis de uma importante enzima envolvida na metabolização de xenobiontes (GST).
Cacti - Nea ™, a dehydrated aqueous extract of fruits of Cactaceae Opuntia fi cus indica , is a n utraceutical with diuretic and antioxidant properties, especially indicated for the control of corporal weight and cellular protection against oxidative damages caused by free radicals. In view of the high consumption and the low toxicity information of th e product, this study a imed to evaluate, antimicrobial, antioxidan t and toxicogenic activities, besides perform nutraceutical quality control tests. The antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion technique, antioxidant activity by yeast viabili ty rates and quality control techniques by the methods recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The evaluation of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects was carried out by the chromosomal and micronucleus aberrations assay in meristematic cells of A. cepa . From the HepG2 cell culture, MTT assay, comet assay, micronucleus assay with cytokinesis block, Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index and oxidative stress (SOD, GST, GSH and TBARS) were performed. The results indicate th at the concentration of 0.008 g/ mL of Cacti - Nea ™ presented an efficient antimicrobial action for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus and zero for Aspergillus brasileiensis and Propionibacterium sp . The physical - chemical and mic robiological quality control presented results within the recommended by the Brazilian manufacturer and Pharmacopoeia. The phytochemical findings indicate the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins, 614.4 mg of total polyphenols and antioxidant activ ity for all the concentrations evaluated. Several concentrations showed inhibition in the germination of A. cepa seeds. The concentrations 0.008; 0.006; 0.004 and 0.002 g/ mL showed decrease in cell division. Only the concentration of 0.002 g / mL showed mu tagenic potential, as corroborated by the evaluation of F1 cell damage in this test organism. The results with the HepG2 cell line indicated that the concentrations evaluated did not present genotoxic and mutagenic potential, but the concentrations evaluat ed showed a dose - dependent pattern for betalain concentrations and decreased cell proliferation. The concentrations studied did not present damage derived from oxidative stress, however an increase in the concentration of the GST enzymatic system was obser ved, indicating the probable metabolic pathway of the nutraceutical. It is inferred that the data obtained indicate a potential anticarcinogenic effect for this nutraceutical. The studies carried out with Cacti - Nea TM showed therapeutic potentials for this nutraceuticals, indicating that it can be used both in the reversion of the process of high cell proliferation (such as benign tumors and malignant), as well as antimicrobial agents and antioxidants. However, to prove these actions, there is a need for fur ther studies with this nutraceutical, both in in vivo and in vitro tests , as there is evidence that this product alters the levels of an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of xenobionts (GST).
Cacti - Nea ™, a dehydrated aqueous extract of fruits of Cactaceae Opuntia fi cus indica , is a n utraceutical with diuretic and antioxidant properties, especially indicated for the control of corporal weight and cellular protection against oxidative damages caused by free radicals. In view of the high consumption and the low toxicity information of th e product, this study a imed to evaluate, antimicrobial, antioxidan t and toxicogenic activities, besides perform nutraceutical quality control tests. The antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion technique, antioxidant activity by yeast viabili ty rates and quality control techniques by the methods recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The evaluation of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects was carried out by the chromosomal and micronucleus aberrations assay in meristematic cells of A. cepa . From the HepG2 cell culture, MTT assay, comet assay, micronucleus assay with cytokinesis block, Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index and oxidative stress (SOD, GST, GSH and TBARS) were performed. The results indicate th at the concentration of 0.008 g/ mL of Cacti - Nea ™ presented an efficient antimicrobial action for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus and zero for Aspergillus brasileiensis and Propionibacterium sp . The physical - chemical and mic robiological quality control presented results within the recommended by the Brazilian manufacturer and Pharmacopoeia. The phytochemical findings indicate the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins, 614.4 mg of total polyphenols and antioxidant activ ity for all the concentrations evaluated. Several concentrations showed inhibition in the germination of A. cepa seeds. The concentrations 0.008; 0.006; 0.004 and 0.002 g/ mL showed decrease in cell division. Only the concentration of 0.002 g / mL showed mu tagenic potential, as corroborated by the evaluation of F1 cell damage in this test organism. The results with the HepG2 cell line indicated that the concentrations evaluated did not present genotoxic and mutagenic potential, but the concentrations evaluat ed showed a dose - dependent pattern for betalain concentrations and decreased cell proliferation. The concentrations studied did not present damage derived from oxidative stress, however an increase in the concentration of the GST enzymatic system was obser ved, indicating the probable metabolic pathway of the nutraceutical. It is inferred that the data obtained indicate a potential anticarcinogenic effect for this nutraceutical. The studies carried out with Cacti - Nea TM showed therapeutic potentials for this nutraceuticals, indicating that it can be used both in the reversion of the process of high cell proliferation (such as benign tumors and malignant), as well as antimicrobial agents and antioxidants. However, to prove these actions, there is a need for fur ther studies with this nutraceutical, both in in vivo and in vitro tests , as there is evidence that this product alters the levels of an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of xenobionts (GST).
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Palavras-chave
Opuntia ficus indica, Genotoxicidade, Mutagenicidade, Alimento funcional, , Genotoxicity, Mutagenicity, Functional food, Quality