As novas formas de famílias e o direito à adoção homoafetiva de embriões excedentários: uma análise jurídico-sociológica
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Data
2017-10-20
Autores
Cardozo, Fernanda Antonioli
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem por escopo a análise jurídica, bioética e sociológica das relações sociais ensejadoras de uma nova estrutura familiar pautada no afeto como elemento principal. Se parte do marco referencial de quebra de paradigmas e estamentos proposta pela Revolução Francesa refletida na liquidez dos valores arcaico-medievais e por isso se designa dois pilares estruturadores: as novas formas de famílias possibilitadoras da sobreposição da socioafetividade em detrimento dos vínculos biológicos, e a evolução técnico-científica como pórtico para o estudo das técnicas de reprodução assistida e da adoção homoafetiva de embriões excedentários. Ao se trabalhar com filiação e com bioética, esta tida como reforço para o lado mais frágil de qualquer inter-relação histórica e socialmente determinada, inevitavelmente se defronta com os elevados índices de crianças e adolescentes sob recolhimento institucional, com a morosidade do processo de adoção e com o também elevado número de pessoas que integram o Cadastro Nacional de Adoção na expectativa de se valerem dos laços socioafetivos para composição da família. Posto que são mais de quarenta e seis mil menores privados de convivência familiar, a discussão proposta encontra razão de persistir e apontar os entraves do processo de adoção, bem como traçar possíveis soluções para sua morosidade. A dignidade da pessoa humana, elevada ao patamar de princípio norteador das relações jurídicas, delineia, em consonância com análise pautada da bioética global, a necessidade de se estender como garantia de direitos fundamentais inerentes à criança e ao adolescente. Todavia, se nota ineficiência da prestação da dignidade pela via estatal, fato que enseja no elevado número de menores sob acolhimento institucional, privados de convivência familiar e oportunidades que lhe facultem o desenvolvimento físico, mental, moral, espiritual e social, em condições de liberdade e de dignidade. Assim sendo, se faz necessária propositura do Anteprojeto do Estatuto da Adoção formulado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Direito das Famílias (IBDFAM), que visa a celeridade do processo de adoção pautado na diminuição de prazos, do acompanhamento psicológico feito por equipe técnica, maior apoio às mães que pretendem entregar seu filho à adoção e desburocratizar o procedimento de destituição do poder familiar. Outrossim, no que tange à adoção de embriões excedentários em contraposição (ou não) à adoção de crianças nascidas, se entende que as interpretações morais das sociedades plurais e democráticas do século XXI devem ensejar o respeito às escolhas individuais de forma a promover a tolerância; de forma a promover a não sobreposição de interesses, mas o a junção de todos os elementos e conceitos que se iluminam mutuamente, proporcionando uma noção mais palpável e harmônica das realidades social e científica, que são latentes e devem constar nas discussões e preocupações jurídicas.
The present work has as scope the juridical, bioethical and sociological analysis of the social relations leading to a new family structure based on affection as main element. It is part of the referential framework of paradigm-breaking and estates proposed by the French Revolution, reflected in the liquidity of the archaic-medieval values and, therefore, two structuring pillars are designated: the new forms of families that make possible the overlapping of socio- affectivity to the detriment of biological ties; Technical-scientific evolution as a portal for the study of techniques of assisted reproduction and the homoaffective adoption of surplus embryos. By working with affiliation and bioethics, which is seen as reinforcing the most fragile side of any historically and socially determined interrelationship, it inevitably faces the high rates of children and adolescents under institutional retirement, with the slowness of the adoption process And with the high number of people who are part of the National Registry of Adoption in the expectation of using socio-affective ties for family composition. Since there are more than forty-six thousand children deprived of family coexistence, the proposed discussion finds reason to persist and point out the obstacles of the adoption process, as well as to outline possible solutions for their slowness. The dignity of the human person, elevated to the guiding principle of juridical relations, outlines, in line with the established analysis of global bioethics, the need to extend as a guarantee of fundamental rights inherent to the child and the adolescent. However, there is an inefficiency in the provision of dignity through the state, which results in the high number of children under institutional shelter, deprived of family coexistence and opportunities to provide physical, mental, moral, spiritual and social development in conditions of freedom And dignity. Thus, it is necessary to propose the Draft of the Statute of Adoption formulated by the IBDFAM, which aims at speeding the adoption process based on the reduction of deadlines, the psychological monitoring done by technical staff, greater support to mothers who intend to surrender their child to adoption and to bureaucratize the procedure of destitution of the family power. Moreover, with regard to the adoption of surplus embryos as opposed to (or not) the adoption of born children, it is understood that the moral interpretations of plural and democratic societies of the 21st century should lead to respect for individual choices in order to promote tolerance; In order to promote the non-overlapping of interests, but the combination of all elements and concepts that illuminate each other, providing a more palpable and harmonious notion of social and scientific realities, which are latent and must be included in the legal discussions and concerns.
The present work has as scope the juridical, bioethical and sociological analysis of the social relations leading to a new family structure based on affection as main element. It is part of the referential framework of paradigm-breaking and estates proposed by the French Revolution, reflected in the liquidity of the archaic-medieval values and, therefore, two structuring pillars are designated: the new forms of families that make possible the overlapping of socio- affectivity to the detriment of biological ties; Technical-scientific evolution as a portal for the study of techniques of assisted reproduction and the homoaffective adoption of surplus embryos. By working with affiliation and bioethics, which is seen as reinforcing the most fragile side of any historically and socially determined interrelationship, it inevitably faces the high rates of children and adolescents under institutional retirement, with the slowness of the adoption process And with the high number of people who are part of the National Registry of Adoption in the expectation of using socio-affective ties for family composition. Since there are more than forty-six thousand children deprived of family coexistence, the proposed discussion finds reason to persist and point out the obstacles of the adoption process, as well as to outline possible solutions for their slowness. The dignity of the human person, elevated to the guiding principle of juridical relations, outlines, in line with the established analysis of global bioethics, the need to extend as a guarantee of fundamental rights inherent to the child and the adolescent. However, there is an inefficiency in the provision of dignity through the state, which results in the high number of children under institutional shelter, deprived of family coexistence and opportunities to provide physical, mental, moral, spiritual and social development in conditions of freedom And dignity. Thus, it is necessary to propose the Draft of the Statute of Adoption formulated by the IBDFAM, which aims at speeding the adoption process based on the reduction of deadlines, the psychological monitoring done by technical staff, greater support to mothers who intend to surrender their child to adoption and to bureaucratize the procedure of destitution of the family power. Moreover, with regard to the adoption of surplus embryos as opposed to (or not) the adoption of born children, it is understood that the moral interpretations of plural and democratic societies of the 21st century should lead to respect for individual choices in order to promote tolerance; In order to promote the non-overlapping of interests, but the combination of all elements and concepts that illuminate each other, providing a more palpable and harmonious notion of social and scientific realities, which are latent and must be included in the legal discussions and concerns.
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Palavras-chave
Famílias, Afetividade, Adoção, Embriões excedentários, Families, Affectivity, Adoption, Surplus embryos