Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Araçatuba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and its relationship with characteristics of dogs and their owners: A cross-sectional and spatial analysis using a geostatistical approach
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2018-07-31
Autores
Costa, Danielle Nunes Carneiro Castro
Blangiardo, Marta
Rodas, Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco
Nunes, Caris Maroni [UNESP]
Hiramoto, Roberto Mitsuyoshi
Tolezano, José Eduardo
Bonfietti, Lucas Xavier
Bermudi, Patricia Marques Moralejo
Cipriano, Rafael Silva
Cardoso, Graziela Cândido Diniz
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Background: The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), one of the most important neglected diseases worldwide, is increasing in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to determine the canine VL (CanL) seroprevalence in an urban area of Araçatuba municipality and to evaluate its relationship with the characteristics of dogs and their owners. Results: The CanL seroprevalence in the study area was 0.081 (95% credible interval [CI]: 0.068-0.096). The following covariates/categories were positively associated with the occurrence of a seropositive dog: more than 10 dogs that had lived in the house (odds ratio [OR]=2.36; 95% CI: 1.03-5.43) (baseline: 0-10 dogs); house with dogs that previously died of VL (OR=4.85; 95% CI: 2.65-8.86) or died of causes other than old age (OR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.12-4.46) (baseline: natural or no deaths); dogs that spent the day in a sheltered backyard (OR=2.14; 95% CI: 1.05-4.40); dogs that spent the day in an unsheltered backyard or the street (OR=2.67; 95% CI: 1.28-5.57) (baseline: inside home). Spatial dependence among observations occurred within about 45.7m. Conclusions: The number of dogs that had lived in the house, previous deaths by VL or other cause, and the place the dog stayed during the day were associated with the occurrence of a VL seropositive dog. The short-distance spatial dependence could be related to the vector characteristics, producing a local neighbourhood VL transmission pattern. The geostatistical approach in a Bayesian context using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) allowed to identify the covariates associated with VL, including its spatially dependent transmission pattern.
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Brazil, Cross-sectional study, Dogs, Geostatistical analysis, Visceral leishmaniasis
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BMC Veterinary Research, v. 14, n. 1, 2018.