Avaliação da qualidade da água da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego das Marrecas - SP
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Data
2018-10-26
Autores
Silva Junior, Osmar Pereira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As atividades antrópicas como agricultura, mineração, urbanização e industrialização produzem resíduos que de maneira direta ou indireta acabam chegando até os corpos hídricos, gerando mudanças na qualidade da água dos rios, córregos e lagos. Para quantificar a poluição dessas águas utiliza-se o índice de qualidade da água “IQA” que por meio de análises físicas, químicas e biológicas classifica a qualidade da água como ótima, boa, aceitável, ruim ou péssima. Este trabalho tem como objetivo diagnosticar a influência de atividades antrópicas na qualidade da água da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego das Marrecas – SP, utilizando o Índice de Qualidade da Água – (IQA). Foram analisados cinco pontos ao longo do Córrego das Marrecas – SP durante o período de abril/2017 a março/2018. Em cada ponto de amostragem foi mensurada mensalmente a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura, pH, turbidez, sólidos totais (ST), coliformes termotolerantes, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrogênio total e fósforo total conforme os métodos para análises de águas potáveis e residuárias – Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva para avaliação dos resultados de média, desvio padrão, valores máximos e mínimos dos parâmetros de qualidade da água monitorados durante o período chuvoso e seco nos cinco pontos de amostragem do Córrego das Marrecas- SP. O cálculo do IQA foi feito por meio do produtório ponderado dos nove parâmetros (pH, turbidez, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, fósforo, nitrogênio, sólidos totais, coliformes termotolerantes e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio), com a utilização da Planilha Eletrônica Excel. Durante o período de amostragem, a qualidade da água do Córrego das Marrecas – SP variou de “péssima” a “boa”. O Ponto 1 (nascente do Córrego das Marrecas) e o Ponto 3 (lançamento do efluente tratado da ETE), apresentaram IQA médio “ruim”, os Pontos 2 (montante do lançamento da ETE) e 4 (jusante do lançamento da ETE) , apresentaram IQA médio dentro da faixa “aceitável” e o Ponto 5 (foz do Córrego das Marrecas), apresentou IQA médio “boa”. Os resultados do IQA demonstram que não existe nenhum tipo de preservação da nascente e do curso do Córrego das Marrecas, pois a poluição que é introduzida por ações antrópicas no ponto 1 (nascente do Córrego das Marrecas) e 3 (lançamento do efluente tratado da ETE) afeta diretamente a qualidade da água deste córrego.
Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, mining, urbanization and industrialization produce waste that directly or indirectly reaches the water bodies, generating changes in the water quality of these rivers, streams and lakes. To quantify the pollution of these waters, the water quality index "IQA" is used that, through physical, chemical and biological analysis, classifies water quality as optimal, good, acceptable, bad or bad. This work aims to diagnose the influence of anthropic activities on the water quality of the Stream of Marrecas - SP water basin, using the Water Quality Index - (IQA). Five points were analyzed along the Stream of Marrecas - SP during the period from April / 2017 to March / 2018. At each sampling point, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (OD), temperature, pH, turbidity, total solids (ST), thermotolerant coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus were measured according to the methods for analysis of drinking water and wastewater - Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. A descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the results of mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values of water quality parameters monitored during the rainy and dry period at the five sampling points of Stream of Marrecas - SP. The calculation of the IQA was done by means of the weighted output of the nine parameters (pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, total solids, thermotolerant coliforms and biochemical oxygen demand) using Excel Spreadsheet. During the sampling period, the water quality of Stream of Marrecas - SP ranged from "very bad" to "good". Point 1 (source of the Stream of Marrecas) and Point 3 (release of the treated Effluent from the ETE), presented a mean "bad" EQA, Points 2 (ETE launch amount) and 4 (downstream of the ETE launch), presented mean IQA within the "acceptable" range and Point 5 (Stream of Marrecas mouth), presented mean "good IQA". The results of the IQA show that there is no type of preservation of the source and the course of the Stream of Marrecas, since the pollution that is introduced by anthropic actions in point 1 (source of the Stream of Marrecas) and 3 (release of the treated effluent from the ETE ) directly affects the water quality of this stream.
Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, mining, urbanization and industrialization produce waste that directly or indirectly reaches the water bodies, generating changes in the water quality of these rivers, streams and lakes. To quantify the pollution of these waters, the water quality index "IQA" is used that, through physical, chemical and biological analysis, classifies water quality as optimal, good, acceptable, bad or bad. This work aims to diagnose the influence of anthropic activities on the water quality of the Stream of Marrecas - SP water basin, using the Water Quality Index - (IQA). Five points were analyzed along the Stream of Marrecas - SP during the period from April / 2017 to March / 2018. At each sampling point, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (OD), temperature, pH, turbidity, total solids (ST), thermotolerant coliforms, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus were measured according to the methods for analysis of drinking water and wastewater - Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. A descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the results of mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values of water quality parameters monitored during the rainy and dry period at the five sampling points of Stream of Marrecas - SP. The calculation of the IQA was done by means of the weighted output of the nine parameters (pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, total solids, thermotolerant coliforms and biochemical oxygen demand) using Excel Spreadsheet. During the sampling period, the water quality of Stream of Marrecas - SP ranged from "very bad" to "good". Point 1 (source of the Stream of Marrecas) and Point 3 (release of the treated Effluent from the ETE), presented a mean "bad" EQA, Points 2 (ETE launch amount) and 4 (downstream of the ETE launch), presented mean IQA within the "acceptable" range and Point 5 (Stream of Marrecas mouth), presented mean "good IQA". The results of the IQA show that there is no type of preservation of the source and the course of the Stream of Marrecas, since the pollution that is introduced by anthropic actions in point 1 (source of the Stream of Marrecas) and 3 (release of the treated effluent from the ETE ) directly affects the water quality of this stream.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atividades antrópicas, Efluente, Degradação, Anthropogenic activities, Effluent, Degradation