Mapeamento multielementar de úlceras induzidas utilizando fluorescência de raios X
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Data
2018-10-26
Autores
Vieira, Letícia Diniz [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A úlcera péptica é provocada pelo desequilíbrio entre fatores lesivos e protetores das mucosas gástrica e duodenal, em consequência a fatores endógenos ou exógenos aos tecidos. Para seu tratamento, algumas plantas são popularmente empregadas e demonstram eficácia semelhante ou superior aos fármacos geralmente utilizados, ocasionando menores efeitos adversos. Apesar de várias pesquisas na área, a compreensão do mecanismo gastroprotetor dos compostos fitoterápicos ainda não é completa. Assim, com o objetivo de contribuir para a compreensão da ação farmacológica dos extratos de três plantas medicinais (Alchornea glandulosa, Davilla elliptica e Davilla nitida), foi realizada uma análise da distribuição elementar dos constituintes das amostras de mucosas gástricas de ratos tratados com os extratos vegetais e que tiveram úlceras gástricas induzidas por álcool ou por droga anti-inflamatória não-esteroidal (DAINE). O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) e permitiu a análise dos elementos Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu e Zn que contem relação com a formação ou neutralização das úlceras pépticas. De acordo com os mapas da distribuição dos elementos, foi possível detectar alta concentração de Fe, Cu e Zn no interior da lesão das amostras de úlcera induzida por DAINE, e de Cu, Zn e Cl no interior da lesão das amostras induzidas por álcool. Nas amostras de úlcera induzida por DAINE e tratadas com Alchornea glandulosa, as concentrações de Ca, Cu e Fe aumentaram. Nas amostras de úlcera induzida por DAINE tratadas com Davilla elliptica e Davilla nitida, as concentrações de Ca, Mn e Zn foram aumentadas. Nas amostras de úlcera induzida por álcool tratadas com Alchornea glandulosa, as concentrações de todos os elementos analisados foram elevadas. Nas amostras tratadas com Davilla elliptica, as concentrações dos elementos Cu e Mn diminuíram. E nas tratadas com Davilla nitida, somente a concentração de Mn não foi elevada. Estas variações podem indicar um favorecimento do deslocamento desses elementos pelo mecanismo gastroprotetor estimulado pelos extratos utilizados. De acordo com a análise de agrupamento, pode-se sugerir também que os extratos, utilizados como tratamento, restauram as correlações elementares às ocorridas no tecido sem úlcera induzida, auxiliando em suas ações gastroprotetoras.
The peptic ulcer is caused by the imbalance between harmful and protective factors of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, as a consequence of factors endogenous or exogenous to the tissues. For its treatment, some plants are popularly employed and demonstrate efficacy akin or superior to the drugs normally used, leading to less adverse effects. Although much research has been conducted in the field, the understanding of the gastroprotective mechanism of phytotherapic compounds is still not complete. Therefore, aiming to advance the understanding of the pharmacological action of the extracts of three medicinal plants (Alchornea glandulosa, Davilla elliptica e Davilla nitida), we conducted an analysis of the elemental distribution of constituents within samples of gastric mucosa from rats treated with phytoterapic extracts and affected with peptic ulcers induced by alcohol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The experiment was performed at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) and allowed for the analysis of the elements Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn that are connected to peptic ulcers development or inhibition. According to the elemental distribution maps, it was possible to detect high concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn inside the lesion from the NSAID-induced ulcer samples, and of Cu, Zn and Cl inside the lesion from the alcohol-induced ulcer samples. In NSAID-induced ulcer samples treated with Alchornea glandulosa, Ca, Cu and Fe concentrations were augmented. In NSAID-induced ulcer samples treated with Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida, Ca, Mn and Zn concentrations were augmented. In alcohol-induced ulcer samples treated with Alchornea glandulosa, the concentrations of all the analyzed elements were augmented. In alcohol-induced ulcer samples treated with Davilla elliptica, Cu and Mn concentrations were decreased. In alcohol-induced ulcer samples treated with Davilla nitida, only Mn concentrations were not augmented. These variations potentially indicate facilitation of these elements displacement by a gastroprotective mechanism stimulated by used extracts. According to clustering analysis, it can also be suggested that the extracts used as ulcer treatment restore the elements correlations to those occurring in the tissue without induced ulcer, facilitating gastroprotective actions.
The peptic ulcer is caused by the imbalance between harmful and protective factors of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, as a consequence of factors endogenous or exogenous to the tissues. For its treatment, some plants are popularly employed and demonstrate efficacy akin or superior to the drugs normally used, leading to less adverse effects. Although much research has been conducted in the field, the understanding of the gastroprotective mechanism of phytotherapic compounds is still not complete. Therefore, aiming to advance the understanding of the pharmacological action of the extracts of three medicinal plants (Alchornea glandulosa, Davilla elliptica e Davilla nitida), we conducted an analysis of the elemental distribution of constituents within samples of gastric mucosa from rats treated with phytoterapic extracts and affected with peptic ulcers induced by alcohol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The experiment was performed at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) and allowed for the analysis of the elements Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn that are connected to peptic ulcers development or inhibition. According to the elemental distribution maps, it was possible to detect high concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn inside the lesion from the NSAID-induced ulcer samples, and of Cu, Zn and Cl inside the lesion from the alcohol-induced ulcer samples. In NSAID-induced ulcer samples treated with Alchornea glandulosa, Ca, Cu and Fe concentrations were augmented. In NSAID-induced ulcer samples treated with Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida, Ca, Mn and Zn concentrations were augmented. In alcohol-induced ulcer samples treated with Alchornea glandulosa, the concentrations of all the analyzed elements were augmented. In alcohol-induced ulcer samples treated with Davilla elliptica, Cu and Mn concentrations were decreased. In alcohol-induced ulcer samples treated with Davilla nitida, only Mn concentrations were not augmented. These variations potentially indicate facilitation of these elements displacement by a gastroprotective mechanism stimulated by used extracts. According to clustering analysis, it can also be suggested that the extracts used as ulcer treatment restore the elements correlations to those occurring in the tissue without induced ulcer, facilitating gastroprotective actions.
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Palavras-chave
mapeamento multielementar, extratos vegetais, úlcera gástrica, µXRF, luz síncrotron, multielemental mapping, plant extracts, gastric ulcers, synchrotron radiation