Infecção pelo vírus rábico em quirópteros no município de Botucatu, São Paulo e região, no período de 2003 a 2018
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Data
2019-03-01
Autores
Menozzi, Benedito Donizete
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A vigilância epidemiológica para o vírus rábico (VR) tem como um dos seus pilares o diagnóstico laboratorial. Devido à mudança do perfil epidemiológico da Raiva nas últimas décadas, a vigilância passiva de quirópteros em áreas urbanas é de grande importância, tendo em vista que esses animais passaram a ocupar o papel de principais transmissores do vírus a humanos e animais no Brasil. O objetivo desse estudo foi fornecer um panorama sobre a situação epidemiológica da infecção por VR em quirópteros no município de Botucatu e região. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de dados epidemiológicos de vigilância passiva, com base no diagnóstico de Raiva em quirópteros no período de 2003 a 2018, realizado no Serviço de Diagnóstico de Zoonoses (SDZ) da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Campus de Botucatu. Um total de 4.271 quirópteros foram submetidos ao SDZ por 42 municípios da região de Botucatu, São Paulo. O diagnóstico de infecção pelo VR foi realizado utilizando-se a imunofluorescência direta e o isolamento viral em camundongos. Realizou-se um levantamento de informações referentes aos quirópteros positivos quanto ao local de recolhimento, ocorrência de sinais clínicos e de contato com outros animais ou homem. Foram elaborados mapas para ilustrar o local de recolhimento dos quirópteros positivos no município de Botucatu. O percentual de positividade em todo o período foi de 1,3% (57/4.281). O município de Botucatu foi responsável por 76,8% (3.289/4.271) das amostras de quirópteros recebidas em todo o período e por 70,2% (40/57) dos positivos. O percentual de positividade do município foi de 1,2% (40/3.289). Os 57 quirópteros positivos pertenciam a 11 gêneros e 12 espécies, distribuídos em três famílias: Molossidae, Vespertilionidae e Phyllostomidae. A maioria (71,9%; 41/57) dos quirópteros positivos tinha hábito alimentar insetívoro e não apresentou sinais clínicos de Raiva. Em 3,6% deles, entretanto, houve algum sinal clínico. Grande parte (66,7%; 38/57) dos quirópteros positivos foram encontrados em residências (área externa e interna). Em 8,8% (5/57) dos casos houve algum tipo de exposição direta (agressão) dos quirópteros infectados a pessoas e em 24,6% (14/57) a animais domésticos. No que se refere a vigilância passiva para infecção de VR em quirópteros, a obtenção e análise de dados epidemiológicos é importante, especialmente com a crescente população de quirópteros em áreas urbanas, o que se deve, dentre outros fatores, à degradação ambiental. Esses dados devem servir de base para a tomada de decisão e adoção de estratégias de prevenção e controle da Raiva, além de auxiliarem no aperfeiçoamento da própria vigilância epidemiológica.
Epidemiological surveillance for rabies virus (RV) has laboratory diagnosis as one of its pillars. Due to a change in the epidemiological profile of rabies in the last decades, passive surveillance of bats in urban areas is of great importance, considering that these animals have become the main transmitters of RV to humans and animals in Brazil. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the epidemiological situation of RV infection in bats in the city of Botucatu and region. This is a descriptive study of epidemiological data on passive surveillance, based on the diagnosis of rabies in bats from 2003 to 2018, performed at the Zoonoses Diagnosis Service (SDZ) of the São Paulo State University at Botucatu. A total of 4,271 bats were submitted to SDZ by 42 municipalities in the region of Botucatu, São Paulo. The diagnosis of RV infection was made using direct immunofluorescence and the biological test. A survey of information regarding positive bats was performed, collection point data, occurrence of clinical signs and contact with other animals or man. Maps were elaborated to illustrate the location of positive bats in the municipality of Botucatu. The percentage of positivity in the period was 1.3% (57/4.281). The municipality of Botucatu was responsible for 76.8% (3,289/4,271) of the bats received in the period and 70.2% (40/57) of positive bats. The percentage of positivity of the municipality was 1.2% (40/3, 289). The 57 positive bats belonged to 11 genera and 12 species, distributed in three families: Molossidae, Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. The majority (71.9%; 41/57) of the positive chiroptera had an insectivorous food habit and showed no clinical signs of rabies. However, in 3.6% of them there was the occurrence of some clinical sign. Most (66.6%; 38/57) of positive bats was found in residences (external and internal area). In 8.8% (5/57) of the cases there was some type of direct exposure (aggression) of infected bats to individuals and in 24.5% (14/57) to domestic animals. Regarding passive surveillance for RV infection in bats, the collection and analysis of epidemiological data is important, especially with the growing population of bats in urban areas, which is due, among other factors, to environmental degradation. These data should serve as a basis for decision-making and adoption of strategies for rabies prevention and control, as well as helping to improve epidemiological surveillance.
Epidemiological surveillance for rabies virus (RV) has laboratory diagnosis as one of its pillars. Due to a change in the epidemiological profile of rabies in the last decades, passive surveillance of bats in urban areas is of great importance, considering that these animals have become the main transmitters of RV to humans and animals in Brazil. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the epidemiological situation of RV infection in bats in the city of Botucatu and region. This is a descriptive study of epidemiological data on passive surveillance, based on the diagnosis of rabies in bats from 2003 to 2018, performed at the Zoonoses Diagnosis Service (SDZ) of the São Paulo State University at Botucatu. A total of 4,271 bats were submitted to SDZ by 42 municipalities in the region of Botucatu, São Paulo. The diagnosis of RV infection was made using direct immunofluorescence and the biological test. A survey of information regarding positive bats was performed, collection point data, occurrence of clinical signs and contact with other animals or man. Maps were elaborated to illustrate the location of positive bats in the municipality of Botucatu. The percentage of positivity in the period was 1.3% (57/4.281). The municipality of Botucatu was responsible for 76.8% (3,289/4,271) of the bats received in the period and 70.2% (40/57) of positive bats. The percentage of positivity of the municipality was 1.2% (40/3, 289). The 57 positive bats belonged to 11 genera and 12 species, distributed in three families: Molossidae, Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. The majority (71.9%; 41/57) of the positive chiroptera had an insectivorous food habit and showed no clinical signs of rabies. However, in 3.6% of them there was the occurrence of some clinical sign. Most (66.6%; 38/57) of positive bats was found in residences (external and internal area). In 8.8% (5/57) of the cases there was some type of direct exposure (aggression) of infected bats to individuals and in 24.5% (14/57) to domestic animals. Regarding passive surveillance for RV infection in bats, the collection and analysis of epidemiological data is important, especially with the growing population of bats in urban areas, which is due, among other factors, to environmental degradation. These data should serve as a basis for decision-making and adoption of strategies for rabies prevention and control, as well as helping to improve epidemiological surveillance.
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Palavras-chave
Raiva, Morcegos, Epidemiologoa, Vigilância epidemiológica, Rabies, Bats, Epidemiology, Epidemiological surveillance