Avaliação do desempenho de áreas em recuperação no vale do ribeira: análise da macrofauna edáfica
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Data
2019-02-01
Autores
Barbosa, Tatiele Cristine do Carmo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os processos industriais e de urbanização promovidos nas últimas décadas geraram uma grande dualidade, visto que, proporcionaram o desenvolvimento econômico, em contrapartida suas atividades de implantação e operação ocasionaram diversos impactos ambientais negativos, comprometendo funções ecológicas em diferentes ecossistemas. Diante disso, ações voltadas para a recuperação das áreas degradadas consistem em medidas compensatórias para ambientes que perderam a capacidade de resiliência ou que demandem de um longo período para reestabelecimento das funcionalidades ecológicas e da biodiversidade. Dessa maneira, o monitoramento torna-se uma importante estratégia de gestão para avaliar a evolução da recuperação e verificar o quão próximo encontram-se das metas estabelecidas no Plano de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas. Assim, além de mensurar aplicabilidade das ações e métodos de recuperação adotados o monitoramento das áreas auxilia na identificação de fatores que possam contribuir para a gestão da área, no decorrer do tempo. Durante essa fase, uma das principais necessidades está na escolha dos indicadores ambientais, pois eles são responsáveis por expressar as condições ambientais durante o processo de monitoramento. A utilização de bioindicador ambiental, relacionados com a macrofauna edáfica torna-se útil, tendo em vista sua capacidade e sensibilidade, as ações antrópicas. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a tendência da macrofauna edáfica em diferentes áreas de recuperação ambiental por meio de sua interação com a altura da serapilheira e o índice de área foliar. Foram selecionadas três áreas, sendo duas em diferentes estágios de recuperação e uma área como referência, onde foram definidos transectos com 200 metros de comprimento. Os pontos para as coletas obedeciam a um espaçamento de 8 m de qualquer lado da fita, totalizando 25 amostras por área amostral, visando à obtenção de dados da serapilheira, índice de área foliar, análise química e física dos solos e da macrofauna edáfica, todos os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas. No total foram coletados 1,087macroinvertebrados nas três áreas amostrais, desses 33,24% encontravam-se na área 1, 30,51% na área 2, e 36,60% na mata. Os resultados obtidos para o índice de Shannon e Pielou sofreram alterações devido a dominância dos grupos Formicidae e Isoptera. Através da correlação de Spearman e da Análise de Componentes principais pode-se observar os indicadores de altura da serapilheira e o índice de área foliar das áreas em recuperação, com correlações positivas com maior parte dos macroinvertebrados. O índice V diagnosticou elevados graus de inibição nas áreas em recuperação. Os dados obtidos demonstraram a importância de estudos para o entendimento da composição das áreas em estado de recuperação, analisando os indicadores estruturais como o índice de área foliar e altura da serapilheira, assim como a intrínseca relação da macrofauna na qualidade ambiental do solo.
The industrial and urbanization processes promoted in the last decades have generated a great duality, since they provided the economic development, in contrast its activities of implantation and operation caused several negative environmental impacts, compromising ecological functions in different ecosystems. In view of this, actions aimed at the recovery of degraded areas consist of compensatory measures for environments that have lost resilience or that require a long period to restore ecological functions and biodiversity. In this way, monitoring becomes an important management strategy to evaluate the evolution of the recovery and to verify how close they are to the targets established in the Recovery Plan for Degraded Areas. Thus, in addition to measuring the applicability of the adopted actions and recovery methods, the monitoring of the areas helps in the identification of factors that may contribute to the management of the area over time. During this phase, one of the main needs is in the choice of environmental indicators, since they are responsible for expressing environmental conditions during the monitoring process. The use of environmental bioindicator, related to the edaphic macrofauna becomes useful, considering its capacity and sensitivity, the anthropic actions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the trend of soil macrofauna in different areas of environmental recovery through its interaction with litter height and leaf area index. For this, three areas were selected, two in different stages of recovery and one area as reference, where transects with 200 meters in length were defined. The sampling points were 8 m spaced on either side of the tape, totaling 25 samples per sampling area, aiming to obtain litter data, leaf area index, chemical and physical analysis of soils and soil macrofauna. In total, 1,087 macroinvertebrates were collected in the three sampled areas, of which 33.24% were in area 1, 30.51% in area 2, and 36.60% in the forest. The results obtained for the Shannon and Pielou index underwent changes due to the dominance of the groups Formicidae and Isoptera. Through the correlation of Spearman and the Analysis of main components can be observed the indicators of litter height and the leaf area index of the areas in recovery, with positive correlations with most macroinvertebrates. The V index diagnosed high degrees of inhibition in the areas undergoing recovery. The data obtained demonstrated the importance of studies to understand the composition of the areas in a state of recovery, analyzing the structural indicators such as leaf area index and litter height, as well as the intrinsic relationship of macrofauna to the environmental quality of the soil
The industrial and urbanization processes promoted in the last decades have generated a great duality, since they provided the economic development, in contrast its activities of implantation and operation caused several negative environmental impacts, compromising ecological functions in different ecosystems. In view of this, actions aimed at the recovery of degraded areas consist of compensatory measures for environments that have lost resilience or that require a long period to restore ecological functions and biodiversity. In this way, monitoring becomes an important management strategy to evaluate the evolution of the recovery and to verify how close they are to the targets established in the Recovery Plan for Degraded Areas. Thus, in addition to measuring the applicability of the adopted actions and recovery methods, the monitoring of the areas helps in the identification of factors that may contribute to the management of the area over time. During this phase, one of the main needs is in the choice of environmental indicators, since they are responsible for expressing environmental conditions during the monitoring process. The use of environmental bioindicator, related to the edaphic macrofauna becomes useful, considering its capacity and sensitivity, the anthropic actions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the trend of soil macrofauna in different areas of environmental recovery through its interaction with litter height and leaf area index. For this, three areas were selected, two in different stages of recovery and one area as reference, where transects with 200 meters in length were defined. The sampling points were 8 m spaced on either side of the tape, totaling 25 samples per sampling area, aiming to obtain litter data, leaf area index, chemical and physical analysis of soils and soil macrofauna. In total, 1,087 macroinvertebrates were collected in the three sampled areas, of which 33.24% were in area 1, 30.51% in area 2, and 36.60% in the forest. The results obtained for the Shannon and Pielou index underwent changes due to the dominance of the groups Formicidae and Isoptera. Through the correlation of Spearman and the Analysis of main components can be observed the indicators of litter height and the leaf area index of the areas in recovery, with positive correlations with most macroinvertebrates. The V index diagnosed high degrees of inhibition in the areas undergoing recovery. The data obtained demonstrated the importance of studies to understand the composition of the areas in a state of recovery, analyzing the structural indicators such as leaf area index and litter height, as well as the intrinsic relationship of macrofauna to the environmental quality of the soil
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Palavras-chave
Degradação Ambiental, Vale do Ribeira, Indicador Ambiental, Qualidade do solo, Environmental degradation, Environmental indicator, Soil quality