Soldagem de lâminas finas da liga de titânio Ti6Al4V com laser Nd:YAG pulsado
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Data
2019-02-28
Autores
Alves, Bruno Crepaldi
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho estudou o processo de soldagem laser Nd:YAG pulsado aplicado em lâminas finas da liga de titânio Ti-6Al-4V, utilizado no revestimento de sensores que trabalham em ambiente corrosivo da indústria sucroalcooleira, química, petroquímica e alimentícia. Variou-se a energia de pulso de 1,0 J a 2,00 J, com incrementos de 0,25 J com a velocidade de soldagem de (ν) taxa de repeticao (Rr) fixas de 525mm/min e 39Hz respectivamente e largura temporal de 4 ms. As soldas foram realizadas com proteção gasosa de argônio com vazão de 10 l/min. Os ensaios realizados para a pesquisa foram: análise macrográfica, ensaio de tração e fractografia, ensaio de microdureza e caracterização microestrutural. Para revelação dos detalhes no metal de solda foi utilizado um ataque químico com o reagente Kroll. As medidas de geometria (largura do cordão, largura de união e profundidade) dos cordões de solda, bem como a microestrutura, foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas pelo Microscópio Óptico Neophot 21 e editadas utilizando o software ImageJ. O ensaio de tração foi realizado através de uma Máquina Universal de Ensaios, além do ensaio de microdureza, que foi realizado na escala Vickers. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o controle da energia do pulso é de fundamental importância para a geração de juntas soldadas adequadas, em processo de soldagem por laser de lâminas finas. Também, os parâmetros geométricos aumentaram em função do aumento da energia de pulso e houve maior formação da fase α’ (martensita) conforme maior energia de pico utilizada. Além disso, a microdureza teve um aumento nos cordões de solda em relação ao metal base e apresentou aumento também nos cordões em função das energias de pico. Finalmente, o processo mostrou-se sensível à formação de gap entre as lâminas.
The present work studied the pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding process applied in thin films of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, used in the coating of sensors that work in the corrosive environment of the sugar-alcohol, chemical, petrochemical and food industry. The pulse energy was varied from 1.0 J to 2.00 J, with increments of 0.25 J with welding speed (ν) and repetition rate (Rr) fixed in 525 mm / min and 39 Hz respectively and time width of 4 ms. An argon gas protection was used with a flow rate of 10 l / min. The tests carried out for the research were: macrographic analysis, tensile and fracture tests, microhardness test and microstructural characterization. A chemical attack with the Kroll reagent was used to reveal details on the weld bead. Measurements based on bead width, union width and depth of the fusion zone as well as the microstructure were performed using images obtained by the Neophot 21 Optical Microscope and edited using the ImageJ software. The tensile test was performed through a Universal Testing Machine, in addition to the microhardness test, which was performed on the Vickers scale. Results showed that the control of the pulse energy is of fundamental importance for the generation of suitable welded joints, in process of laser welding of thin slides. Also, geometric parameters increased as a function of the increase in pulse energy and there was more formation of the α 'phase (martensite) according to the highest peak energy used. Besides that, microhardness had an increase in the weld beads in relation to the base metal and showed increase also in the cords as a function of the peak energies. Finally, the process was sensitive to gap formation between the slides.
The present work studied the pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding process applied in thin films of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, used in the coating of sensors that work in the corrosive environment of the sugar-alcohol, chemical, petrochemical and food industry. The pulse energy was varied from 1.0 J to 2.00 J, with increments of 0.25 J with welding speed (ν) and repetition rate (Rr) fixed in 525 mm / min and 39 Hz respectively and time width of 4 ms. An argon gas protection was used with a flow rate of 10 l / min. The tests carried out for the research were: macrographic analysis, tensile and fracture tests, microhardness test and microstructural characterization. A chemical attack with the Kroll reagent was used to reveal details on the weld bead. Measurements based on bead width, union width and depth of the fusion zone as well as the microstructure were performed using images obtained by the Neophot 21 Optical Microscope and edited using the ImageJ software. The tensile test was performed through a Universal Testing Machine, in addition to the microhardness test, which was performed on the Vickers scale. Results showed that the control of the pulse energy is of fundamental importance for the generation of suitable welded joints, in process of laser welding of thin slides. Also, geometric parameters increased as a function of the increase in pulse energy and there was more formation of the α 'phase (martensite) according to the highest peak energy used. Besides that, microhardness had an increase in the weld beads in relation to the base metal and showed increase also in the cords as a function of the peak energies. Finally, the process was sensitive to gap formation between the slides.
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Palavras-chave
Soldagem, Laser Nd:YAG, Ti-6Al-4V, Microdureza, Ensaio de tração, Laminas finas, Welding, Microhardness, Thin foil