Interface de busca e recuperação de informação: um modelo baseado nos princípios da hermenêutica e na utilização de ontologias
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Data
2019-03-14
Autores
Reis, Marcia Cristina dos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As interfaces de busca disponíveis no contexto da Web e dos repositórios digitais, apesar da importância que possuem em função da necessidade cada vez maior de recuperação de informação relevante e útil, tiveram mudanças pouco significativas nos últimos anos em relação à forma de interação com o usuário. Além disso, apresentam inúmeros problemas relacionados principalmente à dependência de conhecimento em relação ao assunto investigado, às dificuldades em expressar uma necessidade de informação por meio de palavras-chave, à ambiguidade da linguagem e à composição inadequada de termos de busca. Com base neste panorama, o estudo desenvolvido nesta tese teve como objetivo agregar os recursos oferecidos pelas ontologias e pela hermenêutica às interfaces de busca, na tentativa de sugerir melhorias que pudessem minimizar os problemas observados. Neste sentido, foi possível propor um modelo de interface de busca e recuperação de informação baseado nos princípios da hermenêutica e na utilização de ontologias, com funcionalidades projetadas para proporcionar uma melhor interação do usuário com o sistema e facilitar a análise da similaridade existente entre os documentos e a interpretação de um corpus documental. A metodologia adotada para alcançar os objetivos propostos contou com pesquisa exploratória e aplicada, que ofereceu o aporte teórico necessário para a fundamentar o estudo e desenvolver o modelo proposto. Os resultados da avaliação de usabilidade realizada por meio dos protótipos de baixa fidelidade indicaram a viabilidade para a implementação da proposta, bem como das funcionalidades projetadas com fundamento nos princípios da hermenêutica e nas ontologias que, de acordo com a perspectiva dos usuários, podem trazer contribuições significativas para o processo de busca e recuperação de informação, bem como para a análise dos resultados recuperados. O principal diferencial da proposta está na possibilidade de interação do usuário com o sistema por meio de uma interface gráfica, que disponibiliza os termos do domínio pesquisado no formato de mapa de conceitos para que possam ser explorados, analisados e utilizados na elaboração de expressões de busca semânticas. Conclui-se, portanto, que o desenvolvimento de interfaces de busca com recursos elaborados a partir dos fundamentos da hermenêutica e das ontologias possui potencial para contribuir com o processo de recuperação de informação, uma vez que as funcionalidades previstas podem facilitar a formulação de expressões de busca, a análise da similaridade entre os documentos e a interpretação de um corpus documental.
Searching interfaces available in the context of the Web and digital repositories, despite their importance due to the increasing need to retrieve relevant and useful information, have had few significant changes in the last years regarding mainly the interaction mode with the user. In addition, they present numerous issues related mainly to the dependence of knowledge on the subject investigated, the difficulties in expressing a need of information through keywords, the language ambiguity and the search terms inappropriate composition. Based on this scenario, the study developed in this thesis aimed to aggregate the resources offered by the ontologies and the hermeneutics to the search interfaces, in an attempt to suggest improvements that could minimize the observed faults. In this regard, it was possible to propose a search and retrieval interface model based on the principles of hermeneutics and use of ontologies, with functionalities designed to provide more excellent user interaction with the system and facilitate the analysis of the similarity between documents and interpretation of a documentary corpus. The methodology adopted to achieve the proposed objectives counted on exploratory and applied research, which offered the theoretical contribution necessary to base the study and develop the proposed model. The usability evaluation results performed using the low fidelity prototypes indicated the viability of its implementation, as well as the projected functionalities based on the principles of hermeneutics and ontologies that, according to the users' perspective, can bring significant contributions to the information retrieval and retrieval process, as well as for the recovered results analysis. The main distinction of the proposal is the possibility of user interaction with the system through a graphical interface, which provides the domain terms searched in the format of the concept map, so that they can be explored, analyzed and used in the elaboration of semantic search expressions. It is concluded, therefore, that the development of search interfaces with resources elaborated from the foundations of hermeneutics and ontologies has the potential to contribute to the information retrieval process since the expected functionalities can facilitate the formulation of search expressions, the analysis of the similarity between documents and the interpretation of a documentary corpus.
Searching interfaces available in the context of the Web and digital repositories, despite their importance due to the increasing need to retrieve relevant and useful information, have had few significant changes in the last years regarding mainly the interaction mode with the user. In addition, they present numerous issues related mainly to the dependence of knowledge on the subject investigated, the difficulties in expressing a need of information through keywords, the language ambiguity and the search terms inappropriate composition. Based on this scenario, the study developed in this thesis aimed to aggregate the resources offered by the ontologies and the hermeneutics to the search interfaces, in an attempt to suggest improvements that could minimize the observed faults. In this regard, it was possible to propose a search and retrieval interface model based on the principles of hermeneutics and use of ontologies, with functionalities designed to provide more excellent user interaction with the system and facilitate the analysis of the similarity between documents and interpretation of a documentary corpus. The methodology adopted to achieve the proposed objectives counted on exploratory and applied research, which offered the theoretical contribution necessary to base the study and develop the proposed model. The usability evaluation results performed using the low fidelity prototypes indicated the viability of its implementation, as well as the projected functionalities based on the principles of hermeneutics and ontologies that, according to the users' perspective, can bring significant contributions to the information retrieval and retrieval process, as well as for the recovered results analysis. The main distinction of the proposal is the possibility of user interaction with the system through a graphical interface, which provides the domain terms searched in the format of the concept map, so that they can be explored, analyzed and used in the elaboration of semantic search expressions. It is concluded, therefore, that the development of search interfaces with resources elaborated from the foundations of hermeneutics and ontologies has the potential to contribute to the information retrieval process since the expected functionalities can facilitate the formulation of search expressions, the analysis of the similarity between documents and the interpretation of a documentary corpus.
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Palavras-chave
Design de interação, Hermenêutica, Interface de busca, Ontologia, Recuperação de informação, Interaction design, Hermeneutics, Search interface, Ontology, Information retrieval