Inoculação de Bacillus subtilis e tratamento químico em sementes de feijão Caupi e feijão comum: lotes, tempo de exposição e doses
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Rocha, Elizabete Nunes da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tratamento químico de sementes é uma prática tradicional na agricultura, utilizado no controle de agentes fitopatogênicos presentes nas sementes e no solo. No tratamento biológico o uso de rizobactérias tem sido uma alternativa interessante, como a espécie Bacillus subtilis, resistente a condições adversas de calor e baixa umidade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a ação de dois produtos biológicos comerciais feito à base de Bacillus subtilis FMT001 e Serenade®, e um produto químico Vitavax Thiram® 200 SC, aplicados via tratamento de sementes, como promotores de crescimento de plantas e protetores das sementes, visando verificar o desempenho germinativo das sementes e os efeitos da inoculação de doses sob diferentes espaços de tempo de exposição aos tratamentos, em caupi (Vigna unguiculata) e em feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). O experimento foi conduzido no LAS da UNESP. utilizando cinco lotes de sementes de feijão, quatro lotes de Vigna unguiculata e um de Phaseolus vulgaris. As sementes foram submetidas aos tratamentos biológico e químico, foram estabelecidos seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, com quatro doses de inoculantes à base de Bacillus subtilis: FMT001 com doses 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml e 200 ml produto Serenade®, e 100 ml VitavaxThiram® 200 SC, para 50 kg-1 sementes. Foram avaliados condutividade elétrica, teste de germinação, comprimento de raiz e plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, teste de frio, sob os períodos de 00, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após a inoculação. Com relação ao desenvolvimento das plantas, foram avaliadas a altura da planta, números de vagens por planta, comprimento médio por vagem, número de grãos por planta, peso de grãos por planta, massa de 100 grãos, e grau de umidade das sementes. Os tratamentos adicionais, químico e biológico, particularmente o químico, de modo geral, se mostra superior aos tratamentos com Bacillus subtilis. Com o aumento das doses o Bacillus subtilis os resultados foram positivos para os testes de condutividade, umidade de envelhecimento, germinação, comprimento de raiz e plântula, teste frio e teste de envelhecimento, indicando que não prejudica o desempenho das sementes. Assim, a aplicação do Bacillus subtilis promoveu um aumento no número de vagens por planta, porém a dose ótima variou com o lote na espécie Vigna unguiculata, e para o Phaseolus vulgaris. a dose ótima foi de 400ml/50 kg-1 de sementes.
The seed chemical treatment is a traditional practice in agriculture, used for controlling pathogenic agents present in the seeds and soil. In the biological treatment using rhizobacteria it has been an interesting alternative as a Bacillus subtilis species, resistant to adverse conditions of heat and low humidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of two commercial biological products based on Bacillus subtilis FMT001 and Serenade® and a chemical product Vitavax Thiram® 200 SC, applied through seed treatment, as plant growth promoters and seed protectors, to verify the germination performance of the seeds and the effects of the inoculation of doses under different time periods of exposure to the treatments, in Vigna unguiculata cowpea and common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. The test was conducted in the LAS of UNESP. using five lots of bean seeds four lots of Vigna unguiculata and one of Phaseolus vulgaris. The seeds were submitted to biological and chemical treatments. Six treatments and four replications were established with four doses of Bacillus. subtilis inoculants: FMT001 with doses of 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml and 200 ml Serenade® product, e 100 ml VitavaxThiram® 200 SC, for 50 kg-1 seeds. Electrical conductivity were evaluated, the test germination, seedling root length and, accelerated aging, cold test, in periods of 00, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after inoculation. Additional chemical and biological treatments, particularly the chemical, are generally superior to Bacillus subtilis treatments. With increasing doses Bacillus subtilis has shown positive results for conductivity, aging, germination, root length and seedling tests, cold test and aging test, indicating that it does not affect seed performance. Plant height, number of pods per plant, average length per pod, number of grains per plant, weight of grains per plant, weight of 100 grains, and degree of seed moisture were evaluated. Thus, the application of Bacillus subtilis promoted an increase in the number of pods per plant, but the optimal dose varied with the lot in the species Vigna unguiculata, and for Phaseolus vulgaris. the optimal dose was 400ml/50 kg-1 of seeds.
The seed chemical treatment is a traditional practice in agriculture, used for controlling pathogenic agents present in the seeds and soil. In the biological treatment using rhizobacteria it has been an interesting alternative as a Bacillus subtilis species, resistant to adverse conditions of heat and low humidity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of two commercial biological products based on Bacillus subtilis FMT001 and Serenade® and a chemical product Vitavax Thiram® 200 SC, applied through seed treatment, as plant growth promoters and seed protectors, to verify the germination performance of the seeds and the effects of the inoculation of doses under different time periods of exposure to the treatments, in Vigna unguiculata cowpea and common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. The test was conducted in the LAS of UNESP. using five lots of bean seeds four lots of Vigna unguiculata and one of Phaseolus vulgaris. The seeds were submitted to biological and chemical treatments. Six treatments and four replications were established with four doses of Bacillus. subtilis inoculants: FMT001 with doses of 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml and 200 ml Serenade® product, e 100 ml VitavaxThiram® 200 SC, for 50 kg-1 seeds. Electrical conductivity were evaluated, the test germination, seedling root length and, accelerated aging, cold test, in periods of 00, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after inoculation. Additional chemical and biological treatments, particularly the chemical, are generally superior to Bacillus subtilis treatments. With increasing doses Bacillus subtilis has shown positive results for conductivity, aging, germination, root length and seedling tests, cold test and aging test, indicating that it does not affect seed performance. Plant height, number of pods per plant, average length per pod, number of grains per plant, weight of grains per plant, weight of 100 grains, and degree of seed moisture were evaluated. Thus, the application of Bacillus subtilis promoted an increase in the number of pods per plant, but the optimal dose varied with the lot in the species Vigna unguiculata, and for Phaseolus vulgaris. the optimal dose was 400ml/50 kg-1 of seeds.
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Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Promotor de crescimento, Growth promoter