Os impactos socioambientais da mineração: um estudo sobre o pólo mineroquímico em Cajati-SP
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Data
2019-03-08
Autores
Aquino, Manuela Martins da Costa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 o setor mineral se tornou um dos mais importantes da economia brasileira, impulsionado pela demanda do mercado mundial e com o apoio do Estado por meio de volumosos repasses de recursos públicos e proposição de legislações. Apesar do avanço e a importância que o setor mineral passa a exercer na economia, este não se transformou, por sua vez, em um crescimento sustentável e um desenvolvimento endógeno para o país. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender como a atividade mineral organizada mundialmente por meio das Indústrias Extrativas Minerais (IEM) transnacionais materializam suas atividades no território e quais são os impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos desta atividade. Para esta finalidade propomos um estudo do pólo mineroquímico no município de Cajati, sendo este o maior do Estado de São Paulo. A proposta metodológica inicia-se com uma revisão sobre desenvolvimento desigual dos territórios a partir das mudanças econômicas mundiais e das agendas de governo. Em um segundo momento, analisamos as especificidades do modelo da extração mineral relacionada à localidade, à questão ambiental por se tratar de recursos não renováveis e com alto grau de degradação ambiental, e a questão legislativa. E por fim, realizamos um estudo de caso sobre o pólo mineroquímico de Cajati, desenvolvendo incursões a campo nas quais foram possíveis a utilização dos recursos fotográficos para registros e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o objetivo de trazer as reflexões dos moradores do município.
Between the years of 2000 and 2010, the mineral sector become one of the most important of the brazilian economy, driven by the demand of world market and with support from the State by means of bulky transfers of public resources and the proposition of the legislations. Despite of the advance and the importance that the mineral sector starts exercise on the economy, this do not reflected, in its turn, in a sustainable growth and in an endogenous development to the country. This research has the objective of understand how the worldly organized mineral activity materialize its activities in the territory e who are the social, the environmental and the economics impacts of this activity. For this purpose we propose a study of the chemical mining pole in the county of Cajati, the biggest chemical mining pole of Sao Paulo State. The methodological purpose starts with a revision about the uneven development of the territories from the world economic changes and the government agenda. In a second moment, we analyze the specificities of the model of mineral extraction related to the locality, the environmental question to be treated of non-renewable resources and the legislative question. As also it present innumerable conflicts with the local communities, a strong concentration of lands and a high grade of environmental degradation. Finally, we carried out a case study on the Cajati mining area, developing field trips in which it was possible to use photographic resources for records and to carry out semi-structured interviews with the purpose of bringing the reflections of the residents of the municipality.
Between the years of 2000 and 2010, the mineral sector become one of the most important of the brazilian economy, driven by the demand of world market and with support from the State by means of bulky transfers of public resources and the proposition of the legislations. Despite of the advance and the importance that the mineral sector starts exercise on the economy, this do not reflected, in its turn, in a sustainable growth and in an endogenous development to the country. This research has the objective of understand how the worldly organized mineral activity materialize its activities in the territory e who are the social, the environmental and the economics impacts of this activity. For this purpose we propose a study of the chemical mining pole in the county of Cajati, the biggest chemical mining pole of Sao Paulo State. The methodological purpose starts with a revision about the uneven development of the territories from the world economic changes and the government agenda. In a second moment, we analyze the specificities of the model of mineral extraction related to the locality, the environmental question to be treated of non-renewable resources and the legislative question. As also it present innumerable conflicts with the local communities, a strong concentration of lands and a high grade of environmental degradation. Finally, we carried out a case study on the Cajati mining area, developing field trips in which it was possible to use photographic resources for records and to carry out semi-structured interviews with the purpose of bringing the reflections of the residents of the municipality.
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Palavras-chave
Mineração, Desenvolvimento desigual, Impactos socioambientais