Interferência contextual na aprendizagem de jogos de videogame ativo no envelhecimento
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Data
2019-02-27
Autores
Silva, Marina Ferreira da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo comparar o efeito do tipo da prática (i.e., aleatória vs. bloco) na aquisição de habilidades e retenção em idosos. A amostra consistiu de 24 (vinte e quatro) participantes, com idades entre 60 e 70 anos, de ambos os sexos. Os participantes foram alocados por sorteio ou no Grupo de Prática em Bloco (GPB) ou no Grupo de Prática Aleatória (GPA). O videogame ativo utilizado foi o Nintendo Wii, incluindo os seguintes jogos: Tênis de mesa, Tiro com Arco e Pinguim. Após três sessões de prática em dias consecutivos, um teste de retenção foi realizado dois dias depois. Testes de tempo de reação (TR) simples e de escolha foram realizados antes e após as sessões de prática. Ainda, a escala de afeto positivo e negativo (PANAS) foi aplicada em cada sessão de prática para examinar o estado emocional dos participantes após praticar os jogos. Os resultados da ANOVA demonstraram que o GPA apresentou desempenhos significativamente superiores ao longo da prática, assim como na retenção para o jogo do Tênis de Mesa em comparação ao GPB. Os resultados do Tiro com Arco e Pinguim apontaram que ambos os grupos melhoraram significativamente seus desempenhos ao longo da prática e mantiveram tais desempenhos na fase de retenção. Os resultados do TR de escolha, mas não do TR simples, diminuíram significativamente após as sessões práticas para ambos os grupos. Os resultados do PANAS mostraram uma diminuição significativa do afeto negativo para ambos os grupos, com maior efeito para o GPA. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem para um efeito de baixo grau de interferência contextual na aprendizagem de habilidades motoras. Ainda, os efeitos da prática de jogos do videogame ativo como o Nintendo Wii favoreceram variáveis associadas à dimensão cognitiva e emocional analisadas no estudo. Jogos de videogame ativo podem se constituir em mais uma estratégia para inserir idosos às intervenções de treinamento envolvendo habilidades sensório-motoras.
The main objective of the present study is to compare the effect of the type of practice (i.e., random vs. block) on the skill acquisition and retention for the elderly. The sample consisted of 24 (twenty-four) participants, aged between 60 and 70 years, of both genders. Participants were randomly allocated into either Block Practice Group (BPG) or Random Practice Group (RPG). The active video game used was the Nintendo Wii, including the following games: Table Tennis, Archery and Penguin. After three practice sessions on consecutive days, a retention test was performed two days later. The simple and choice reaction time (RT) tests were performed before and after the practice sessions. In addition, the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) was applied in each practice session to examine the emotional state after practicing the games. The ANOVA results for the Table Tennis showed that the RPG showed significant superior performances throughout the practice as well as in the retention in comparison for the BPG. The results of Archery and Penguin games indicated that both groups improved their performances throughout the practice and maintained such performances in the retention phase. The results of the choice RT, but not for the simple RT, decreased significantly after the practice sessions for both groups. The PANAS results showed a significant decrease in the negative effect for both groups, with larger effect for the RPG. Overall, the results suggest a low-level effect of contextual interference in learning motor skills. In addition, the effects of practicing active videogame such as Nintendo Wii favored variables associated with the cognitive and emotional dimensions. Active video games may be another strategy to introduce older adults for training interventions involving sensorimotor skills.
The main objective of the present study is to compare the effect of the type of practice (i.e., random vs. block) on the skill acquisition and retention for the elderly. The sample consisted of 24 (twenty-four) participants, aged between 60 and 70 years, of both genders. Participants were randomly allocated into either Block Practice Group (BPG) or Random Practice Group (RPG). The active video game used was the Nintendo Wii, including the following games: Table Tennis, Archery and Penguin. After three practice sessions on consecutive days, a retention test was performed two days later. The simple and choice reaction time (RT) tests were performed before and after the practice sessions. In addition, the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) was applied in each practice session to examine the emotional state after practicing the games. The ANOVA results for the Table Tennis showed that the RPG showed significant superior performances throughout the practice as well as in the retention in comparison for the BPG. The results of Archery and Penguin games indicated that both groups improved their performances throughout the practice and maintained such performances in the retention phase. The results of the choice RT, but not for the simple RT, decreased significantly after the practice sessions for both groups. The PANAS results showed a significant decrease in the negative effect for both groups, with larger effect for the RPG. Overall, the results suggest a low-level effect of contextual interference in learning motor skills. In addition, the effects of practicing active videogame such as Nintendo Wii favored variables associated with the cognitive and emotional dimensions. Active video games may be another strategy to introduce older adults for training interventions involving sensorimotor skills.
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Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento, Videogame, Nintendo Wii, Aprendizagem, Contextual interference, Elderly